Anatomy 3

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• Weakened parts of the abdominal wall Periumbilical area ( the area around the navel), Inguinal regions ( the area between the pillars of insertion by the minor oblique muscle in the upper edge of the pubic bone), Triangle of petit (inferior lumbar triangle), vascular orifices of the spiegel semilunar line, umbilical ring at the level of the linea alba
• Myopectinal orifice a region of weakness in the pelvic area
• another name for inguinal triangle Hesselbach´s triangle
• Boundaries of myopectineal orifices superior (arching fibers of internal oblique muscle and arching fibers of transversus abdominis muscle), inferior ( the pectineal line which separates the inguinal ligament by 2 compartments)
• two compartments of inguinal ligament a superficial inguinal ring + a femoral ring
• hernia a protrusion of an organ or tissue through a weak spot or opening in the surrounding muscle or tissue
• Diaphragm dome-shaped muscle aiding with inhalation and exhalation
• Origin of the diaphragm inner surface of xiphoid process, lower 6 internal costal cartilage + rib, arcuate and medial arcuate ligaments and the 2 crura
• Insertion of the diaphragm central tendon
• Innervation of the diaphragm Phrenic nerve
• anastomoses of superior phrenic artery with pericardiophrenic arteries + musculophrenic arteries to supply superior surface of diaphragm
• medial border of inguinal triangle rectus abdominis muscle
• inferior border of inguinal triangle superior edge of inguinal ligament
• lateral border of inguinal triangle inferior epigastric vessels
• the inguinal ligament separation between abdominopelvic cavity and lower limb
• extension of the inguinal ligament anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle
• right hypochondrium liver, gallbladder
• epigastric region stomach, pancreas, duodenum
• left hypochondrium spleen, left colic flexure
• right lumbar region right kidney, right ureter, ascending colon
• umbilical region loops of small intestine, aorta, inferior vena cava
• left lumbar region left kidney, left ureter, descending colon
• right iliac fossa caecum, appendix
• Hypogastric region coils of small intestine, urinary bladder, uterus
• left iliac fossa sigmoid colon
• Mesentery double layer of visceral peritoneum

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