Australia a penal colony

Convict Someone guilty of crime

Banished Sent away from your country and not allowed back

Approximately Close to, a particular time or number, though not exactly, that number or time

Land Down Under Another name for Australia, given due to its location in the Southern Hemisphere. A nickname for Australia.

Criminal-justice To get justice in a crime. Also laws, procedures, institutions and policies that are at play in connection to crimes.

Ruling In control. Also a decicion usually by a court of law.

Inherently Naturally a part of. Also: in a way that exists asa natural or basic part of something.

Defective Flawed. Something that is defective has a fault in it and does not work correctly.

Required Necessary for the situation. According to the rules of for a particular purpose.

Thus In this way or therefore

Genetically In a way that relates to genes (DNA received by an animal or plant from its parents)

Law-abiding citizens People who obey the law and aren't criminals.

Accordingly In a correct way for the situation

Exiled Sent away from your country, town etc. especially for political reasons

Penal In relation to punishments given by law. Also: A penalty for something.

Beneath Under

Hellish Very bad, unpleasant

Claimed the lives of Caused the death of

Voyage A long journey by ship

Hardened criminals People who will not stop their criminal activity

By any measure True regardless of how it is judged or evaluated. Also: willing to do something no matter what it takes.

Minority A small number. Also: a lesser part in a vote

Offenses Breach of law, illegal act

Confined Kept closed in a place by force. Also: held in an area.

Volunteers People who do something willingly for free.

Exceptional Much greater than usual

Sadism The act of getting pleasure from being cruel and hurting another person

Violations The act of breaking a law or rule

Punishment The retribution for an offence

Lashes Strikes delivered with a lot of force

Cat o’ nine tails A whip with nine knotted lines or cords connected to one handle

Attempted Tried to do without success

Conditions The physical situations someone is in

Horror Used to describe something very unpleasant

Drew straws The act of using straws or similar items of different length to decide by lottery who should do what

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