Inför tenta medicinsk mätteknik

systemic vascular resistance SVR

central venous pressure CVP

korotkoff Sounds heard while measuring blood pressure

oscillometric Pressure pulses/fluctuations detected by an automated blood pressure cuff

thermodilution Cardiac output measurement with a temperature indicator injected

pulse pressure method Estimate CO by analyzing the arterial pressure waveform (pulse pressure), non invasive

impedance cardiography a non-invasive technique used to measure hemodynamic parameters with impedance changes

lithotripsy a medical procedure used to break down kidney stones

extracorpereal shock wave lithotripsy ESWL

pulsed dye laser lithotripter with laser

electrohydraulic lithotripter using shockwaves/plasma formation to break kidney stones

Einthoven I, II, III the bipolar extremity leads

aVR, aVL, aVF unipolar extremity leads

precordial leads Placed on specific locations on the chest according to a standardized pattern (V1 to V6).

implantable cardioverter defibrillator ICD

monophasic, biphasic Two types of defibrillation waveforms

pneumatics The use of gas flowing under pressure to transmit power from one location to another

zeolit absorption, elektrolysis, destillation Manufacturing of O2

enfluorane, sevofluorane Anestetic Compounds with diffucult names, used today

anelgetic bedövande/smärtstillande på engelska

blood volume sensor BVS

continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis CAPD (dialysis)

automated peritoneal dialysis APD (dialysis)

automatic exposure control AEC

non-normal incidence, scattering, diffuse reflection Reflections of ultrasound waves

matching layer the component of the transducer that is used to step down the impedance from that of the element to that of the patient's skin

backing layer behind the piezoelectric elements. Its primary role is to absorb and dampen US waves

dynamic focusing adjusting the focal point of an ultrasound beam in real-time during imaging.

beamformer is a crucial component of the ultrasound system responsible for controlling and shaping the ultrasound beam transmitted by the transducer

apodization adjusting the amplitude or shape of the electrical signals sent to the individual elements of an ultrasound transducer.

dynamic aperture makes sound beam narrower over a greater range of depths and optimize lateral resolution.

time-gain control TGC

dynamic range refers to the range of signal intensities that an ultrasound system can detect and display

harmonic imaging the creation of an image from sound reflections at twice the frequency of the transmitted sound

dynamical receive focus adjusting ultrasound beam focus during reception for better imaging, measure on different depth

parallel beamforming processing multiple ultrasound beams simultaneously

demodulation extracting information or signals of interest from the raw echo data received by the transducer

maximum likelihood expectation maximization MLEM

ordered-subset expectation maximization OSEM

baysian penalized likelihood algorithm BPL, reconstruction method with penalty factor

dual-energy-window A method in imaging using two energy windows to enhance accuracy

triple-energy-window A technique in imaging employing three energy windows for better accuracy

time of flight TOF (PET)

cone-beam distortions in CT images due to cone-shaped X-ray beams

beam hardening increased average energy of an X-ray beam as it passes through an object, resulting in selective absorption and artifacts in imaging.

filtered back-projection FBP

dual energy/dual source two sources of X-ray beames instead of one

photon counting CT Spectral CT - More energy levels can be detected instead of the mean energy

cone beam computed tomography CBCT

CT dose index CTDI

dose length product DPL

sound pressure level SPL (Audiometry)

sound intensity level SIL (Audiometry)

tympanometry placing a probe in the ear canal and measuring middle ear function

electrophysiological audiometry measures electrical signal in the brain during stimuli (Audiology)

audiogram A graphic representation/record of hearing

impedance audiometry investigate the middle ear function by checking the mobility of the eardrum. Tympanometry is a test to test this

impedance, psychoacoustic, electrophysiological Audiometry is divided into

stapedius muscle reflex in middle ear, measure pressure changes

pure tone audiometry look for the person's thresholds that are both air-conducted and bone conducted.

psychoacoustic audiometry the patient needs to tell if they hear or not. This task may pose challenges for younger children

otoacoustic emmisions OAE (audiology), are sounds generated by the inner ear, specifically by the hair cells in the cochlea, in response to external stimuli, like sounds or clicks

auditory brainstem response ABR (audiology), measurable responses in the brainstem to a series of acoustic stimuli

auditory steady state response ASSR, measured by evaluating ongoing activity of the brain in response to a change in stimulus

conductive, sensorineural, retrocochlear Types of hearing loss

tonotopy Frequency specific maximal amplitude at the basilar membrane, are processed in distinct locations

auditory processing disorder APD hearing disorder

surgery, technology, strategies Hearing loss (re)habilitation can be divided into

bone-anchored hearing aids • Vibrations to the inner ear • Titanium implant behind the ear • Gain on the basis of the audiogram

image intensifiers II (digital radiology)

flat panel detector FPD (DR)

charged coupled device CDD (DR)

semiconductor Direct conversion (DR) uses

scintillator indirect conversion uses a ... and CCD

last image hold LIH (DR)

time of echo TE

repetition time TR

monochromatic, coherent, collimated laser light properties

thermal, blast, photoablation, photochemical Tissue effects of laser

photodynamic therapy PDT (lasers)

optical coherence tomography OCT (laser)

time domain TD (-OCT)

spectral domain SD (-OCT)

swept source SS (-OCT)

hyperspectral imaging White light source, hyperspectral camera with a prism

diffuse reflectance spectroscopy illuminates the tissue with a light, and then detects it at a distance from the source.

photoacoustical imaging utilizes both light and sound to generate images.

gross tumor volume GTV (radiation therapy)

planning target volume PTV (radiation therapy)

intensity modulated radio therapy IMRT (radiation therapy)

volumetric modulated arc therapy VMAT (radiation therapy)

low-dose rate LDR (radiation therapy)

high-dose rate HDR (radiation therapy)

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