Kapitel 15

Alla Inga Spara

• Nervous system an organized constellation cell specialized for the repeated conduction of electrical signals within and between cells. From sensory cells to neurons to glands/ muscles and organs that carry out an action
• Effector organ, tissue or cell that act under the direction of nervous system or endocrine system
• Peripheral ganglia collections of neuronal cell bodies associated with peripheral nerves.
• Grey matter composed by neuron cell bodies (internal part of the spinal cord)
• White matter consisting of tracts of myelinated axons -> gives it the white color. (External part of the spinal cord)
• Cranial nerves PNS nerves that connect to CNS in the brain
• Spinal nerves PNS nerves that connect to CNS in the spinal cord
• Exocrine glands Discharge secretion into the environment or internal body cavities
• Sympathetic, parasympathetic link the CNS with autonomic effectors
• Pre-ganglionic neuron Extended from CNS to ganglion
• Post-ganglionic neuron Extended from ganglion to effector
• Enteric division Largely contained in the walls of the gut with some connections to the CNS
• Cholinergic Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter that’s released from Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons and is often called this
• Adrenergic Norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter that’s released from Sympathetic postganglionic neurons and is often called this
• Biological clock Endogenous physiological timing mechanisms that rhythmically modulate the functions of cells, tissues and organs
• Endogenous rhythms Rhythms that are kept even in the absence of environmental information about time
• Period time between one part of the rhythm one day until the same part is performed in the next cycle of the rhythm
• Circadian rhythms ndogenous rhythms that has a rhythm of about a day In phase = if to rhythms are occur synchronously
• Free-running rhythm When environmental cues are absent the biological rhythm is this. Often leads to a rhythm longer or shorter than the 24-hour a day rhythm
• Entertainment Keeps the rhythm to 24 hours a day by cues from the environment like light/ darkness, temperature, sound and food availability
• Photoperiods Periods during the year that indicates what time of the year it is and what the animals are supposed to do then, like reproductions in the spring

Alla Inga Spara