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appeal to ask a higher tribunal to review a case

impose a judge gives e.g. a fine, impose a fine

preclude to prevent

disclaim to deny

auditor person appointed by company to examine the company’s accounts

company secretary company's chief administrative officer

director person elected by shareholders to manage the company

liquidator person appointed by a court/company/creditors to wind up the company’s affairs

to wind-up process of dissolving a company

managing director company director responsible for the day-to day operation

official receiver officer of the court who commonly acts as a liquidator

promoter person engaged in gathering capital for a company

proxy person appointed by a shareholder to attend and vote at a meeting

receiver person appointed by creditors to oversee the repayment of debts

shareholder member of the company by owning shares of a company

diviends profits distributed to the stockholders of a corporation

articles of organization/certificate of incorporation a document that gives authority to an organization to do business as a corporation

double taxation taxes on a corporation’s income and on the dividends earned by the stockholders

foreign corporation a corporation that is organised in a state other that in which it is operating

incorporators people who organize a corporation by filing articles of organization with the state government

blue-sky laws state laws designed to protect the public from the sale of worthless stocks

general partner a partner who manages the business and is personally liable for its debts and obligations

dormant partner a partner who is not known to the public as a partner and who takes no active part in the business

de jure de jure corporation a corporation that is established in strict compliance with the law

co-venture/joint enterprise/joint venture/syndicate a relationship in which two or more people combine their labor or proproperty for a single business undertaking

C corporation a corporation that is governed by Subchapter C of the Internal Revenue Code and that pays corporate taxes on its income

general partnership a partnership in which the parties carry on a business for the joint benefit and profit of all partners

eleemosynary corporation a corporation that is created for charitable and benevolent purposes

de facto corporation a corporation that has a defect in its establishment but that must be recognized as a valid corporation d

close corporation a corporation that has restrictions on the transfer of shares

domestic corporation a corporation that is organized in the state which it is operating

common stock co-partnership stock that has no preferences but that gives the owner the right to vote

derivative action a suit by a stockholder to enforce a corporate cause of action

preferred stock stock that has a superior right to dividends and capital when the corporation is dissolved

nominal partner, ostensible partner a partner in name only, who has no real interest in the partnership

sole proprietorship a form of business that is owned and operated by one person

limited liability partnership (LLP) a general partnership in which only the partnership. And not the individual partners, is liable for the tort liabilities of the partnership

managers people who are appointed by its members to manage a limited liability company

secret partner a partner who takes an actictive part in the compnay, but is not known to the public

limited partner a partner who invests money or other property in the business but who is not liable for the debts or obligations of the partnership

unlimited liability liability that has no bounds

stock certificate a document that evidences ownership of stock in a corporation

partnership, co-partnership an association of two or more persons to carry on as co-owners a business for profit

silent partners partners who may be known to the public as partners but who take no active part in the business

liquidate turn into cash

limited partnership a partnership formed by two or more persons having as members one or more general partners and one or more limited partners

members owners of a limited liability company

winding-up period a period in which company is liquidated

limited liability company (LLC) a nonpartnership form of business organization that has the tax benefits of a partnership and the limited liability benefits of a corporation

operating agreement an agreement that sets forth the rights and obligations of the members and establishes the rules for operating a limited liability company

promoters people who begin a corporation by obtaining investors and taking charge up to the time of the corporation’s existence

For because, since

further in addition

thus so, in this way, consequently

however by contrast, on the other hand

tortfeasor person who commits tort

executor person who executes will

defamation slander

prenuptial agreement contract for marriage

to waive to give up, e.g. rights

queries questions to solicitors

deed legal document

perusal reading through

to construe to interpret

common law unwritten and old brittish laws

golden rules strict application of doctrine

the purposive approach judge looks beyond statutes

bona fide good faith

exempt from free from obligation

to lapse become invalid

cencessions give up something

induct accuse formally or charge

to offset give compensation

MP's surgery meeting with member of parliament

loiter remain in an area with no reason

delinquent violation of law

embezzle obtain property or money

pecuniary compensation compensation for damages

loutishness rude, offensive behaviour

refrain deny, e.g reject an offer

germane relevant

flagrant action considered immoral

infringe kränka, överträda

corporate veil personal liability

fiduciary duty must act in the best interest

duress induce to an agreement violently

promissory estoppel binding terms in the absence

reliance damages compensation non breaching p

expectation damages puts party in an earlier position

to contravene go against

infringe go against something

draft bill lagförslag

exempt from undantagen

to indict take to court

allegation claim

affiliated associated with

to forge förfalska

to render to make

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