Language and Linguistic

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• Linguistics The scientific study of language
• Semantics The study of meaning in language
• Morphology The study of word structure
• Phonetics The study of speech sounds, how they are produced and perceived
• Language The system of human communication
• In theory Thoughts, ideas and inner speech
• In use Speaking and writing
• Form What the word looks or sounds like
• Function What the word means or does
• Code system Sender and receiver, share same signs and rules
• Grammar A set of rules
• Noam Chomsky Introduced the idea of Universal Grammar
• Universal Grammar Humans are born with natural ability to learn language
• Theory of Nativism Is a part of Universal Grammar
• Linguist A person who studies language
• Polyglot A person who speaks many languages
• Modality How language is expressed, in which channel or mode
• Syntax The study of how words are arranged into phrases and sentences
• Semantics The study of meaning in language
• Pragmatics The study of how context influences meaning
• Phonology How sounds function in particular languages
• Prescriptive grammar how people should speak
• Descriptive How people actually speak
• International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) A system used to write down speech sounds
• Coinage New words, often brands
• Borrowing Words from other languages
• Blending Parts of words combined
• Clipping Shortening words
• Back-formation Removing part of a word
• Conversion Changing word class
• Acronyms Word formed from the initial letters and pronounced as a single word
• Initialism The initials are spelled letter by letter
• Onomatopoeia Sound words
• Grammatical competence Sounds, words, grammar rules, form correct sentences
• Communicative competence Use language in real situations
• Code switching Switching between languages or language styles
• Language Acquisition How people learn language, especially children and how it changes or is lost over time
• The childs perspective of language Cooing, babbling, one word, two word, overgeneralization, child directed speech
• Aphasia General term of language disorder
• Brocas aphasia Difficult and slow speech, grammar incomplete
• Wernickes aphasia Speech flow normally but does not make sense, difficult understanding language
• Anthropology Language and culture
• Child studies How children learn language
• Computer science AI, translation, programming
• Education Teaching languages
• History How languages changes over time
• Law Forensic linguistics
• Medicine Brain and language
• Psychology Language and thinking
• Sociology Language, society, power
• Philosophy Language and reasoning
• Physics Sound and acoustics
• Music Singing and voice

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