Limnology D - terms

Alla Inga Spara

• Isoetids Anchored plants with basal buds and stiff, narrow leaves
• Nympheids Anchored plants with floating leaves
• Elodeids Anchored submerged plants with small, undivided leaves
• Helophytes Anchored plants with buds that overwinter, partly submerged
• Lemnids Free floating plants
• Aarenchyma Tissues with low density
• Competitive species Large leaf size, stable, non-stressful habitats
• Ruderal species Small leaf size, dominant in disturbed habitats
• Stress tolerant species Small leaf size, tough, dominant in stressful habitats
• Aquatic plants Smaller, softer, lighter
• Terrestrial plants Larger, tougher, more robust
• Primary productivity Biomass produced / time
• Equisetum Emergent
• Iris Emergent
• Phragmites Emergent
• Glycera Emergent
• Typha Emergent
• Schoenoplectus Emergent
• Sagittaria Emergent
• Lysimachia Emergent
• Lythrum Emergent
• Potentilla Emergent
• Carex Emergent
• Sparganium Emergent
• Nymphea Floating-leaved
• Nuphar Floating-leaved
• Potamogeton natans Floating-leaved
• Elodea Submerged
• Myriophyllum Submerged
• Potamogeton perfoliatus Submerged
• Nobelia Submerged
• Juncus Submerged/emergent
• Stratiotes Submerged
• Sphagnum Submerged
• Lemna Free-floating
• Spirodela Free-floating
• Ceratophyllum Submerged/free-floating
• Utricularia Submerged/free-floating
• Functional feeding groups What they eat and how
• Shredders nonwoody CPOM, associated microbes. Chewing and mining
• Gougers woody CPOM, associated microbes. Chewing, mining
• Filter feeders/suspension feeders Suspended FPOM, microbes. Filtering apparatuses
• Deposit feeders/collectors FPOM, microbes. Collecting deposits
• Grazers Benthic algae, associated microbes (biofilm). Scraping, rasping, browsing
• Predators Animals. Biting, piercing
• Rivers, longitudinal dimension River continuum concept
• Rivers, lateral dimension Floodplain, riparian zone, active channel
• Rivers, vertical dimension Hyporheic zone "river liver"
• Rivers, temporal dimension Changes between times of observation depending on ex. weather
• Anadromous fish Spend most of life at sea, migrate to freshwater to breed
• Catadromous fish Spend most of life in freshwater, migrate to sea to breed
• Top predators fish Perch, Pike, Pike-perch
• Intermediate predators fish Cyprinids
• Forked caudal fin Great acceleration, less maneuvring, less drag
• Emarginate caudal fin Acceleration and maneuvring
• Truncated caudal fin Acceleration and maneuvring, more drag
• Terminal mouth fish Neither directed up- or downwards
• Superior mouth fish Underbite
• Inferior mouth fish Overbite
• Protrusible mouth fish Can extend parts of mouth
• Isometric growth All parts growing at same pace, b<3
• Allometric growth Different parts growing at different paces, b>=3
• Fish age Scales, operculum
• Absolute growth rate Weight gain/day
• Specific growth rate % increase in size per day
• Metabolic rate fish Increases with body size and temperature
• What is eaten Food quality
• How often is it eaten Frequency
• How much is eaten Food quantity
• Stay suspended plankton Low density, big surface area, motility
• Compensation depth Respiration = photosynthesis
• Euphotic zone Photosynthesis > respiration
• Aphotic zone No photosynthesis, dark
• Diatom peak Spring and autumn mixing
• Cyanobacteria peak Summer
• Golden algae peak After spring mixing
• Dinoflagellate peak Spring ice, mid summer
• Redfield ratio 106C: 16N: 1P
• Holomictic lake Complete mixing
• Epilimnion Surface water
• Allochthonous organic matter Organic matter in lake that originates from outside the lake
• Autochthonous organic matter Organic material produced in the lake
• Redfield ratio use Stoichiometry of phytoplankton photosynthesis
• Thermocline Temperature gradient
• N fixation Nitrogen gas to ammonium
• Ammonification Organic N to ammonium
• Nitrification Ammonium to nitrate (oxic)
• Denitrification Nitrate to nitrogen gas
• Assimilation Nitrate or ammonium to organic N
• Hypolimnion Deep, cold and heavy water
• Metalimnion Between epilimnion and hypolimnion
• Meromictic lake Incomplete mixing
• Amictic lake Never mixes
• Monomictic lake Mixes 1 time per year
• Dimictic lake Mixing 2 times per year
• Polymictic lake Mixing many times per year
• Oligomictic lake Irregular mixing
• Photic zone 2 times secchi depth
• PAR Photosynthetically active radiation
• Photosynthesis Light energy + CO2 + H2O → organic carbon + O2 (gas)
• Respiration Organic carbon + O2 → CO2 + H2O + energy
• Littoral zone Close to shore, shallow
• Profundal zone Bottom of lake
• Pelagic zone Open water in lake
• Oligohumic lake Low concentration of DOM
• Mesohumic lake Intermediate concentration of DOM
• Polyhumic lake High concentration of DOM

Alla Inga Spara