Peace & Conflict B - exam 2

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• Peacekeeping When personel stay in the region after a peace agreement has been signed
• Onion model Surface layer, Emotional layer, Ideas and values layer
• Triple M MHS, MEO, MOR
• Conflict transformation structures, actors, issues, elites, context
• Approaches to mediation classical, power-based, emancipatory
• Components of negotiations Parties, issues, context
• bargaining zero-sum thinking, compromises, non-cooperative game
• Problem solving Finding win-win solutions, integrative solutions, cooperative game theory
• 5 approaches to problem solving expanding the pie, horsetrading, non-specific compensation, cost-cutting, bridging
• 2 sorts of violence strategic, non-strategic
• 5 types of spoilers limited, greedy, total, inside, outside
• 3 ways to handle spoilers inducement, socialization, coercion
• 4 types of power sharing political, military, territorial, economic
• consociationalism grand coalition, proportional representation, autonomies, veto right
• security sector reform, ssr reforming public sector elements of intetrnal and external security apparatus
• disarmament demobilization reintegration, ddr disarm and demobilize armed groups and reintegration of ex-combatants into society
• Transitional justice confronting and dealing with past violations of human rights or international law
• 4 elements of transformative justice legal, truth & acknowledgement, socioeconomic justice, political justice
• reconciliation societal process that involves mutual acknowledgement of past suffering and changing the destructive
• 3 phases of conflict resolution dialogue, implementation, consolidation
• 3 dimensions of the peace triangle issues, behaviour, attitudes
• 3 parts of issues unresolved peace, restored peace, contested peace
• 3 parts of behaviour partial peace, regional peace, insecure peace
• 3 parts of attitudes polarized peace, unjust peace, fearful peace
• 4 reasons parties percieve a stalemate failure of contentious tactics, exhaustion of necessary resources, loss of social support, unacceptable costs or risks
• 3 possible outcomes of problem solving conflict management, settlement, conflict resolution
• unilateral methods of peacekeeping deterrence
• bilateral method of peacekeeping negotiations
• multilateral methods of peacekeeping mediation
• 2 competing logics of peacekeeping optimistic, pessimistic
• 2 parts of the pessimistic logic rational choice, hurting stalemate
• 3 stages in the power sharing life cycle Adoption, implementation, end
• 4 spoiler problems position, number, type, locus
• intractable conflicts conflict that are long-term, irreconcilable, violent, zero-sum
• 8 societal beliefs that solves intractable conflicts justness of own goals, security, positive self-image, own victimization, deligitimizing the opponen, patriotism, unity, peace
• reconciliation mutual aknowledgement of past suffering between former enemies
• 3 juridical aspects of reconciliation rule of law, rectificatory justice, distributive justice
• 3 mediation styles facilitation, formulation, manipulation
• 5 ways of de-escalation military victory, unilateral advantage, dormancy, imposed settlement, negotiated settlement

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