Vocabulary English

nocturnal of or relating to the night

noctambulist sleepwalker

pasture a piece of grassy land used for or suitable for the grazing of animals

agitation the state or condition of being moved backwards and forwards repeatedly, commotion, disturbance, perturbation

dormant sleeping, inactive

dormouse a small rodent noted for its hibernation

tractable that can be easily managed, docile, compliant, manageable, governable

traction the action of drawing or pulling

attract to cause to come to or towards oneself by taking hold of, pull in, draw in, drag in

detract to take away, to take from, to take reputation from

retract to draw or pull something back

alleviate to make less severe, relieve, ease, reduce

lever a bar of iron or wood serving to ‘prize up’ or dislodge from its position some heavy or firmly fixed object

leverage the action of a lever, the arrangement by which lever-power is applied, advantage for accomplishing a purpose, increased power of action

levitate to rise by virtue of lightness

levity lightness

elevate lighten, lessen, raise, lift up

circumspect cautious, to examine or inspect on all sides

introspection the action of looking into or under the surface of things

prospect the action or fact of looking forward or outlook, aspect, exposure

prospective characterized by looking into the future, forward-looking, anticipatory, having foresight or regard for the future

prospectus a statement of proposed aims or objectives, a brochure detailing or advertising the facilities or activities of a school

retrospect a regard or reference to some existing fact, directed or referring to the past

perspicacious keen, sharp, clear-sighted, penetrating, perceptive, discerning

liberally generously (giving freely)

liberate to set free

liberty freedom

obliging ready to do service, as you are told

obligatory imposing obligation or morally binding, compulsory and not merely permissive, that must be done or practised

abstain to keep or withhold oneself

contain to have in it, to hold, to comprise, enclose

detain to keep in confinement or under restraint, to keep prisoner

obtain to come into the possession of, to procure, to get, acquire, or secure

pertain to belong, be connected to

sustain to support, maintain, uphold, keep in existence

tenable capable of being held or kept

tenacious holding together, cohesive, tough, not easily pulled in pieces or broken

tenacity cohesiveness, toughness, viscosity, clamminess, the quality of retaining what is held

tenant one who holds or possesses lands or tenements by any kind of title

tenure the action or fact of holding a tenement, the title by which the property is held

sustenance food and drink as a means of keeping someone alive or as a source of strength and good health, victuals

abstention the action of keeping oneself back, abstaining or refraining

retention the action or fact of a body object material etc holding or keeping something within itself, capacity for keeping or containing

abstinence the practice or discipline of resisting self-indulgence, self-restraint

continence self-restraint

continent continuous land, mainland, a containing agent or space

continental belonging to, characteristic of, or of the nature of a continent or mainland

continual always going on, incessant, perpetual, repeated with brief intermissions

continuance (in law) the adjournment or deferring of a suit or trial until a future date or for a period

continue to carry on, keep up, maintain, go on with, persist in

continuity the quality of being uninterrupted and having no interstices or breaks, uninterrupted connection of parts, connectedness, unbrokenness

continuous characterized by continuity, extending in space without interruption of substance, having no interstices or breaks, having its parts in immediate connection, connected, unbroken

continuum a continuous thing quantity or substance, a continuous series of elements passing into each other

discontinue to cease to continue to occur or to act in a specified manner, to desist, stop

discontinuous not continuous in time, occurring or existing at intervals, intermittent

incontinent unable to contain retain or keep back, wanting in self-restraint

excessively in an excessive amount or degree, beyond measure, immoderately

abscess a circumscribed collection of pus or purulent debris typically caused by a localized bacterial infection

abscessed affected with an abscess

access the power opportunity permission or right to come near or into contact with something, admittance, admission, a coming on or attack of illness emotion etc

accessible capable of being entered or approached, easy of access, readily reached or got hold of

accession something which is added or joined to another thing, an augmentation, a person who joins a group of others

accessory a subordinate or auxiliary thing, an adjunct, an accompaniment, a minor fitting or attachment

concession the action of conceding granting or yielding something requested or required

concessionaire a person who or company which possesses a concession relating to the operation of a business or enterprise

concessionary of relating to or characterized by concession

concessive that permits or allows something rather than being preventative or restrictive, willing to make concessions, disposed to concede

incessant that does not cease, unceasing, ceaseless, continual, either in duration or repetition

intercession the action of interceding or pleading on behalf of another, entreaty, solicitation, mediation

recess the action or an act of withdrawal or receding, withdrawal, departure, diminution, abatement

recession the relief or remission of a disease, the action or an act of departing from some state standard or mindset, a period of economic decline

recessional relating to or produced by the recession of a natural feature, of or relating to a recess of a legislative body

recessive tending to recede or regress, yielding, secluded, retiring, reserved

cease to stop, give over, discontinue, desist

proceeding the carrying on of an action or series of actions, a piece of conduct or behaviour, a legal action or process

ancestor a person from whom one is descended, a forebear

cessation ceasing, discontinuance, stoppage

predecease to die earlier than

accede to come forward, approach, arrive, to come into being, to join with something or somebody else

concede to make a concession, to consent to, to admit defeat, to admit that something is the case

intercede to come between, to intervene

recede to depart or leave, to go away or retire, to go or move back or further away, to retreat or draw back

antecedent a word phrase or clause to which another refers back, that comes or goes earlier or in front, preceding

vividly brightly, brilliantly, clearly, strongly, intensely

viable capable of living, able to maintain a separate existence, workable, practicable

victual food, provisions

revival the action of reviving something after decline or discontinuance, restoration to general use acceptance popularity

vivisection the action of cutting or dissecting some part of a living organism

conscientiously in accordance with one's conscience or one's sense of duty, on grounds of conscience, well and thoroughly, scrupulously

nescient ignorant, agnostic

omniscience infinite knowledge

prescience knowledge of events before they happen, foreknowledge, foresight

acerbate to exacerbate a negative feeling or problem, to sour or embitter

acrid bitterly pungent to the organs of taste or smell, bitterly irritating to the feelings, of bitter and irritating temper or manner

acrimonious of speech or a debate: bitter and angry in tone or manner, bitter-tempered

acrimony bitter pungency to the organs of taste or smell, sharp or irritating bitterness of tone or manner, ill feeling

acuity sharpness or keenness of thought understanding or feeling, perceptiveness, shrewdness

acumen sharpness of wit, quickness or penetration of perception

exacerbate to increase the smart virulence bitterness of, embitter, aggravate, irritate, provoke

antacid a substance that reduces or neutralizes acidity

fervently burningly, intensely, severely, with warmth of feeling, ardently, earnestly, hotly, passionately

fervid burning, glowing, hot, intensely impassioned

effervesce to give off bubbles of gas esp as the result of chemical action

ferment an agent which causes fermentation such as yeast

perfervid very fervid, ardent, impassioned

persecute to seek out and subject to hostility or ill-treatment esp on grounds of religious faith political belief race, to torment, to oppress

persevere to continue or remain steadfastly or constantly in a purpose disposition or course of action

perdiligence the quality of being very diligent

acidify make more sour

acid sour, sharp

fortify to strengthen

deify to make a god of, to exalt to the position of a deity

magnify to make greater in size status importance etc, enlarge, increase, augment, advance

mortify to cause to feel humiliated, to cause mortification, to embarrass, to bring into subjection or under control by the practice of self-denial abstinence or bodily discipline

pontificate to perform the functions of a pontiff or other bishop, to speak in a dogmatic or pompous manner

ability actual skill, native or acquired

capacity potential to develop a skill (usually mental), native (as opposed to acquired)

capability unique fitness for a defined end

capable able to take in receive contain or hold, having room or capacity for

capacious able to hold much, roomy, spacious, wide

capacitate to endow with capacity for or to do something, to render capable, to qualify, fit

encapsulate to enclose in a capsule, to summarize or isolate as if in a capsule

incapacitate to deprive of capacity, to render incapable, to disqualify

caption the heading of a chapter section or newspaper article, a subtitle in cinematography and television

captious fitted to ensnare or perplex in argument, designed to entrap or entangle by subtlety, apt to catch at faults or take exception to actions, disposed to find fault cavil or raise objections

captor one who takes by force a prisoner or a prize

conceit favourable opinion of oneself or one's qualities

deceit, deceitful action or practice of deceiving, concealment of the truth in order to mislead, deception, fraud, cheating, false dealing

conceive form an intention design etc in the mind or the heart, to plan devise or formulate

preconceive conceive or imagine beforehand, to form an idea about something in anticipation of one's actual knowledge or experience

contraception the prevention of uterine conception

imperceptible too slight gradual fleeting subtle minute or indistinct to be perceptible to the mind or senses, hardly discernible

imperceptive does not or cannot perceive something, lacking in mental or sensory perception

inception the action of entering upon some undertaking process or stage of existence, origination, beginning, commencement

inceptive grammar: expressing the beginning of action meaning be about to

insusceptible not able or apt to receive impressions, not liable to be affected or influenced by something or in some way

intercept seize catch or carry off on the way from one place to another, to cut off from the destination aimed at

perceptual of or relating to perception, of the nature of percepts

percept an object of perception, the mental product or result of perceiving something

precept order, rule, instruction

susceptibility, susceptible capable of taking receiving being affected by or undergoing something

anticipate to realize beforehand, to spend money before it is at one's disposal, to be before another in acting, to forestall

incipient beginning, commencing, coming into or in an early stage of existence, in an initial stage

percipient that perceives or is capable of perceiving, conscious, perceptive, discerning

recuperate to recover or regain esp health or energy

incept to enter formally upon the office of a master or doctor in a university and to be recognized as such by the faculty, to complete the taking of a degree, to take in as an organism or cell

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