all pathways colloq 4

The exercise was created 19.05.2024 by feliciajonsssson. Anzahl Fragen: 75.




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  • substrate and product for glycolysis glucose, pyruvate
  • substrate and product of anaerobic glycolysis glucose, lactate
  • substrate and product for oxidative decarboxylation pyruvate, acetyl-CoA
  • substrate and product of CAC (write number of each reducing cofactor) acetyl-CoA, 3 NADH+H+, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP, 2 CO2
  • substrate and main product for ETC NADH+H+, FADH2, ATP
  • possible substrates for gluconeogenesis lactate, pyruvate, amino acids, glycerol
  • substrate for PPP glucose 6-phosphate
  • substrate for glycogen synthesis glucose
  • what reducing cofactor is gained from PPP needed for synthesis of fatty acids NADPH+H+
  • which enzyme in pyruvate shuttle give NADPH+H+ malic enzyme
  • which molecule is formed during glycolysis which is used for synthesis of glycerol dihydroxyacetone phosphate
  • activation of fatty acids with 1 AMP is needed before: ... ... beta oxidation
  • glycerol can be formed from: ... or ... glucose, pyruvate
  • phosphatidic acid = glycerol 3-phosohahate with 2 fatty acids TRUE OR FALSE true
  • fructose metabolism: fructose --> fructose 1-phosphate --> glyceraldehyde and ... ... dihydroxyacetone phosphate
  • fructose 1-phosphate stimulates enzyme ... so glucose is used for glycogenesis instead of glycolysis glucokinase
  • ...-.-... is an enzyme that is only present in liver and turns G6P into glucose and thus the liver is the only organ that can do gluconeogenesis glucose-6-phosphatase
  • glycogenin is an enzyme that builds up glycogen and adds the first 8 glucose molecules TRUE OR FALSE true
  • GLUT4 is insulin ... and GLUT2 is insulin ... - GLUT2 is located in ... dependent, independent, liver
  • which shuttle transports acetyl-coa out of mitochondria for use in fatty acid synthesis malate aspartate shuttle
  • in glycolysis we invest .. ATP and we gain .. ATP (ATP molecules, not including reducing cofactors) 2, 4
  • which hormone stimulates gluconeogenesis in fight or flight epinephrine
  • which hormone stimulate glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis during starvation glucagon
  • insulin activates ... processes anabolic
  • galactose is turned into ..-... and thus it can be incorporated into glycogen UDP-glucose
  • galactose metabolism: galactose --> galactose 1-phosphate --> UDP-galactose --> UDP-glucose TRUE OR FALSE true
  • which hormone inhibits lipolysis insulin
  • which hormone inhibits glucose output from liver by inhibiting gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis insulin
  • which pathway is upregulated in cancer cells in aerobic conditions anaerobic glycolysis
  • lactate facilitates ... in cancer cells angiogenesis
  • ... can interact with transporters and enzymes causing food-drug interactions phytochemicals
  • which reducing cofactor is needed in cholesterol synthesis NADPH+H+
  • glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme involved in ... glycogenolysis
  • which hormone upregulates glycogenesis insulin
  • which hormone stimulates glycogenolysis glucagon
  • gluconeogenesis is upregulated by glucagon
  • which GLUT does liver have GLUT2
  • fructolysis ends with ... ..-... entering ... or ... glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis
  • accumulation of fructose 1-phosphate is caused by deficiency in enzyme ... .. aldolase B
  • substrate and product for galactose metabolism galactose, UDP-glucose
  • accumulation of galactose cause formation of ... which leads to cloudy lens galactitol
  • substrate and product of glycerol metabolism glycerol, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
  • glyceroloneogenesis can be done with the same substrates as ... gluconeogenesis
  • substrate and most common product of ketogenesis acetyl-CoA, b-hydroxybutyrate
  • where does ketogenesis take place, tissue and cell compartment liver, mitochondria
  • name the 3 ketone bodies acetone, acetoacetate, b-hydroxybutyrate
  • substrate (most common) and product of utilization of ketone bodies b-hydroxybutyrate, acetyl-CoA
  • utilization of ketone bodies happens in ... ... extrahepatic tissue
  • when we break down ketone bodies we form ... which can enter CAC succinate
  • substrate and product of beta oxidation acyl-CoA, NADH+H+, FADH2, acetyl-CoA
  • uneven fatty acids form one molecule which even fatty acids doesnt form in beta oxidation, which molecule? propionyl-CoA
  • substrate and product of cholesterol synthesis acetyl-CoA, cholesterol
  • cholesterol synthesis happens mainly in the ... liver
  • how many isoprene units do we need for 1 cholesterol 6
  • substrate and product for ethanol metabolism ... --> ... --> ... ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetate
  • which 3 enzymes can be used in the first step of alcohol metabolism? catalase, alcohol dehydrogenase, CYP2E1
  • mobilization of TAGs is triggered by hormones glucagon, epinephrine
  • mobilization of fats/lipolysis is inhibited by insulin
  • malonyl-CoA inhibits ...-.../... ... acyl-carnitine/carnitine transporter
  • substrate and product of urea cycle carbamoyl phosphate, urea
  • which 2 molecules can transport ammonia to liver for urea cycle alanine, glutamine
  • which vitamin is needed for transamination reactions B6
  • substrate and product of fatty acid synthesis (2 substrates) acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, acyl-CoA
  • fatty acid biosynthesis happens mostly in ... but also in ... liver, adipocytes
  • TAG cycle happens between ... and ... adipocytes, liver
  • in TAG cycle, fatty acids are transported from adipocytes in the blood by ... albumin
  • in TAG cycle, liver secretes TAGs in ... VLDL
  • glycerol 3-phosphate + 2 fatty acids is called phosphatidic acid
  • phosphatidic acid is needed for synthesis of ... TAGs
  • alanine cycle happens between ... and ... muscles, liver
  • alanine transports ... from muscles to ... ammonia, liver
  • in alanine cycle, in the liver alanine gives away ... which forms ... from the alanine ammonia, pyruvate
  • malate aspartate shuttle is important for transport of ... which is formed in cytosol into ... NADH+H+, mitochondria
  • malate aspartate shuttle is important for ... which is formed in mitochondria to get out to cytosol acetyl-CoA
  • glycerol phosphate shuttle is important becuase it transports ... into mitochondria, this forms ... which enter complex 2 in ETC direclty NADH+H+, FADH2

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