Basic concepts

Variety of genetic makeup within a species Diversity of genes

Variety of species in a given area Diversity of species

Variety of habitats, ecosystems, and communities Diversity of ecosystem

Mean species diversity in sites or habitats at a local scale Alfa-diversity

The ratio between species diversity at different sites Beta-diversity

The total species diversity Gamma-diversity

Species that are unique to a defined geographic location such as an island or habitat type Endemic species

Regions that contain a high level of species diversity, as well as endangered species Biodiversity hotspot

Species that has high abundance, high biomass and regulate abundance of other species Dominant species

Evolution through natural selection leads to separation in niches Gause's principle

Ecosystem diveristy + Community and species diversity + intraspecific diversity + genetic diversity Functional diversity

Short period of time where a high percentage of biodiversity dies out Mass extinction

Extinctions that happen all the time in it's expected normal rate Background extinction

When a population declines to so few individuals that they can't uphold the population Quasi extinction

Habitat changes for long lived animals which result to them not reproducing or offspring not making it in new habitat Extinction debt

What does r stand for? Population growth rate

Species who have broad niches Generalists

Species who have a very narrow niche Specialists

When smaller populations are more vulnerable to extinction due to genetic drift, inbreeding etc. Small-population paradigm

When declining populations face threats of extinction such as habitat loss, overexploitation, climate change etc. Declining population paradigm

Habitat loss, introduction of exotic species, overexplotation and chains of extinction The evil quartet

Species that can indicate biodiversity hotspots, pollution levels, and presence of other species Indicator species

Species that are disproportionately important relative to their abundance or biomass Keystone species

These species occupy important habitats that, if protected, will benefit many other species Umbrella species

These species are charismatic and can help us gain public support for conservation Flagship species

When a ecosystem experiences a irreversible loss of its structure Ecosystem collapse

Changes in population structure, species composition which occur at the boundary between different ecosystems Edge effect

Organism or process that alters or shapes its environment and affecting the habitat strcuture and its conditions Habitat modifier

The deliberate movement of individual organisms from one location to another Translocation

A series of changes in the abundance or biomass of organisms across multiple trophic levels Trophic cascade

Classification of species based on degree of rarity or if they're uncommon within their habitat or geographic range Rarity group

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