English vocabulary VT 2023

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• abstraction removing something from a source
• accolade an award or an expression of praise
• acknowledgement showing that you know, admit, or accept that something exists or is true
• acquaintance a person you know, but usually not a friend
• acrimony angry and bitter feelings
• arduous hard to do, requiring much effort
• bellicose showing aggression and willingness to fight
• bramble a thorny bush or shrub
• bumptious proud or confident in a loud and rude way that annoys other people
• castigate to criticize (someone) harshly
• charity showing kindness by giving money or gifts to organizations that need them
• clergy people (such as priests) who are the leaders of a religion and who perform religious services
• conjure to make (something) appear or seem to appear by using magic; to make you think of (something)
• consensus a general agreement about something; an idea or opinion that is shared by all the people in a group
• convict v: to prove that someone is guilty of a crime in a court of law n: a person who has been found guilty of a crime and sent to prison
• crammed very full of people or things
• credulous too ready to believe things; easily fooled or cheated
• daunt to make afraid; to discourage
• dazzling amazing; very bright and making you unable to see properly for a short time
• deign to do something that you think you should not have to do because you are too important
• demolish to destroy completely
• derelict no longer cared for or used by anyone
• descendant who comes down from a common ancestor
• disciple a follower of a person or belief
• disperse to go or move in different directions; to spread apart
• distinguished successful, authoritative, and commanding great respect.
• edify to teach (someone) in a way that improves the mind or character
• eke out 1. to make a small supply of something such as food or money last longer by using only small amounts of it 2. to manage to live with very little money
• farrier person who shoes horses; a blacksmith
• favorable showing approval; giving what is desired
• flaccid limp, not firm; lacking vigor or effectiveness
• funnel to pass through a narrow opening
• gainsay to deny or disagree with (something)
• gratuitous not necessary or appropriate
• hiatus a period of time when something (such as an activity or program) is stopped
• hold-up a usually brief delay; a robbery that is done using a gun
• holy grail something that you want very much but that is very hard to get or achieve
• hurtle to move with great force and speed
• hyperbole language that describes something as better or worse than it really is
• illicit illegal
• immensity extremely great size
• impediment something that makes it difficult to do or complete something
• infatuation a feeling of foolish or very strong love or admiration for someone or something
• judicious having or showing good judgment; wise
• juxtapose to place side by side for comparison
• kinetic relating to motion
• kudos praise or respect that you get because of something you have done or achieved
• laud to praise highly
• loom to appear in a large, strange, or frightening form often in a sudden way
• loquacious liking to talk and talking smoothly and easily
• machinations deceptive actions or methods that are used to get or achieve something
• makeshift a temporary substitute for something else
• megalomania a condition or mental illness that causes people to think that they have great or unlimited power or importance
• moribund dying; on the way out
• nebulous not clear; difficult to see, understand, describe, etc.
• nefarious evil or immoral
• oblige to force or require (someone or something) to do something because of a law or rule or because it is necessary; to do something that someone has asked you to do
• obstruction something that blocks the way of things being created or built; something in the way
• occupational hazard a risk or danger that is part of a job
• offence an illegal action or a crime
• onerous difficult and unpleasant to do or deal with
• ostentatious showy, pretentious
• parish A local church community
• patronize to talk to (someone) in a way that shows that you believe you are more intelligent or better than other people
• penal having to do with punishment
• perish to die or be killed
• petty small and insignificant
• placate to cause (someone) to feel less angry about something
• poacher a person who hunts or fishes illegally
• quiescent quiet; still; inactive
• quisling a person who betrays his or her own country by helping an invading enemy.
• rancor an angry feeling of hatred or dislike for someone who has treated you unfairly
• reconciliation the act of causing two people or groups to become friendly again after an argument or disagreement
• recurrent happening many times
• reprove to criticize or correct (someone) usually in a gentle way
• retain to hold or keep
• revoke to officially cancel the power or effect of (something, such as a law, license, agreement, etc.); to make (something) not valid
• ruse a trick or act that is used to fool someone
• scrap to get rid of (something) because it is damaged, no longer useful, etc.
• self-righteousness self-satisfaction based on the belief that one's own morals are superior to the morals of others
• sentient conscious; capable of feeling or perceiving
• shorthand a system of rapid handwriting that employs symbols, abbreviations, and shortened words to represent words and phrases
• squirt a small amount of liquid that is produced by squeezing or squirting something
• stipulate to demand or require (something) as part of an agreement
• taint something that causes a person or thing to be thought of as bad, dishonest, etc.
• tantalize to tease
• twerp a silly or annoying person
• ubiquitous present, appearing, or found everywhere
• uncouth uncultured, lacking good manners
• venerate to respect deeply
• vestige the last small part that remains of something that existed before
• vigilant carefully noticing problems or signs of danger
• wanton showing no thought or care for the rights, feelings, or safety of others
• wizen to become or cause to become withered or dry
• xenophobia a fear or hatred of foreigners or strangers
• xiphoid shaped like a sword
• yammer to whine or complain
• yaw a side-to-side motion of the nose of the aircraft, ship, etc.
• zealous enthusiastic
• zenith the highest point; peak

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