Everything in anatomy 2 (blandat)

thyroid gland secretion T3, T4, Calcitonin

Largest endocrine gland thyroid gland

Inferior alveolar branch mental nerve

Phrenic nerve branch of cervical plexus

Origin of Phrenic nerve ventral rami of C3-C5 cervical nerves

Phrenic nerve start at the lateral border of anterior scalene muscle

Facial nerve 7th cranial nerve

Terminal branches of Facial nerve Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical branch

Facial nerve exit the skull stylomastoid foramen

Facial nerve enters the skull internal accoustic meatus

Facial nerve origin Brainstem at the pons

Thyrocervical trunk branches Inferior thyroid artery, superficial cervical artery, suprascapular artery

Thyrocervical trunk arises 1st part of the subclavian artery on the medial aspect of anterior scalene muscle

terminal branches of ECA maxillary artery and superficial temporal artery

muscles of mastication temporalis, masseter, lateral- and medial pterygoid muscles

5th cranial nerve Trigeminal nerve

abducent nerve 6th cranial nerve

4th cranial nerve trochlear nerve

3rd cranial nerve oculomotor nerve

2nd cranial nerve optic nerve

1st cranial nerve olfactory nerve

8th cranial nerve vestibulocochlear nerve

9th cranial nerve Glossopharyngeal nerve

10th cranial nerve vagus nerve

11th cranial nerve accessory nerve

12th cranial nerve hypoglossal nerve

temporal fossa region above the zygomatic arch

temporalis muscle origin temporal fossa

covering of temporalis muscle temporal fascia

infratemporal fossa region below the zygomatic arch

content of infratemporal fossa medial and lateral pterygoid muscles

innervation of mastication muscles mandibular branch

inferior to temporal fossa the infratemporal fossa

boundaries of infratemporal fossa roof-zygomatic arch, laterally-Ramus of mandible, Medially- lateral pterygoid plate, inferiorly- angle of mandible, posteriorly-mastoid process

ophthalmic nerve type sensory nerve

first division of trigeminal ophthalmic division

entrance of ophthalmic nerve superior orbital fissure via lateral wall of cavernous sinus

branches of ophtalmic nerve lacrimal, frontal and nasociliary nerve

innervation of lacrimal nerve lacrimal gland and upper eye lid laterally

frontal nerve’s 2 parts supratrochlear nerve, supraorbital nerve

branches of nasociliary nerve posterior ethmoidal nerve, anterior ethmoidal nerve, infratrochlear nerve, long ciliary nerve

mandibular nerve consisting of small motor root and large sensory root

nervus spinosus (sensory nerve) branch from main trunk of Mandibular nerve

branch from main trunk of Mandibular nerve nerve to medial pterygoid (motor nerve)

terminal branch of facial artery angular artery

terminal branch of maxillary artery sphenopalatine artery

only motor branch of glossopharyngeal nerve stylopharyngeus muscle

Right principal bronchus larger and wider than left one

left prinicipal bronchus greater distance between bifurcation and left lung hilum

Bronchial tree formed by trachea and two principal bronchi

bronchi innervation pulmonary branches of vagus nerve

blood supply of bronchi branches of bronchial artery

the azygos vein arches over right main bronchus

inferior to aortic arch passes left main bronchus and crosses anterior to esophagus

Length of trachea 10-12 cm

length of esophagus 25 cm

length of thoracic duct 45 cm

divides inside the lungs left main bronchus

divides before its entry into the lung right main bronchus

contents of pulmonary root eparterial bronchus, pulmonary artery, hyparterial bronchus, inferior pulmonary vein

covering of pulmonary root mediastinal pleura

location of pulmonary root opposite to the bodies of T5-T7 vertebrae

types of pleura cervical pleura, costal pleura, mediastinal pleura, diaphragmatic pleura

outer layer of pleura parietal pleura

inner layer of pleura visceral pleura

between parietal and visceral pleura pleural cavity

suprahyoid muscles digastric muscle, mylohyoid muscle, Geniohyoid muscle, stylohyoid muscle

infrahyoid muscles sternohyoid muscle, omohyoid muscle, sternothyroid muscle, thyrohyoid muscle

branching of respiratory tree Trachea, main bronchus, lobar bronchus, segmental bronchus, subsegmental bronchus, conducting bronchiole, terminal bronchiole, respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, alveolar sac, alveolus

facial nerve contains both motor, sensory and parasympathetic nerve fibers

Temporal branch frontalis muscle (raises the eyebrows) + orbicularis oculi muscle (closes eyelid)

Zygomatic branch orbicularis oculi

Buccal branch buccinator muscle ( blowing air from the mouth) + muscles of upper lip

mandibular branch muscles of lower lip and chin

cervical branch platysma muscle

Within the parotid gland innervation of muscles of facial expression

another name for motor root branchiomotor

before facial nerve enter parotid gland posterior auricular nerve, nerve to stylohyoid, nerve to posterior belly of digastric muscle arises

Parasympathetic fibers carried by greater petrosal nerve to the lacrimal gland and sublingual and submandibular glands for salivation

taste fibers of facial nerve from anterior 2/3 of the tongue via the chorda tympani which hitchhikes within posterior division of the lingular nerve to transmit taste buds on the tongue to the brain

General somatic afferent fibers control touch, pain and temperature by transmitting sensory information.

nerve to stapedius muscle innervates stapedius muscle in the middle ear

smallest muscle in our body stapedius muscle

parasympathetic fibers centrally connected superior salivatory nucleus

branchiomotor fibers centrally connected Principal nucleus of facial nerve

taste fibers centrally connected Tractus solitarius

general somatic afferent fibers connected Trigeminal nuclear system

division of frontal nerve on the frontal bone area supratrochlear nerve and supraorbital nerve

supratrochlear innervation central forehead and upper eyelid

supraorbital innervation forehead above the orbit and upper eyelid

the maxillary nerve 2nd division of trigeminal nerve

maxillary nerve is below the ophthalmic nerve

Maxillary nerve pure sensory nerve

Maxillary nerve entering foramen rotundum

before maxillary nerve exit the skull it gives out a meningeal branch

forming greater and lesser palatine nerves pterygopalatine ganglion recieves sensory fibers from maxillary nerve

pterygopalatine fossa form The nasopalatine nerve

maxillary nerve exiting pterygopalatine fossa via the pterygomaxillary fissure

branches of maxillary nerve meningeal branches, two roots to the pterygopalatine ganglion, zygomatic nerve, posterior superior alveolar nerve, infraorbital nerve

zygomatic nerve from maxillary nerve zygomatico-temporal nerve and zygomatico-facial nerve

infraorbital nerve middle superior alveolar nerve, twigs to maxillary air sinus, anterior superior alveolar nerve, inferior palpebral nerve, lateral nasal nerve, superior labial nerve

Anterior superior alveolar nerve innervation Anterior to teeth (central incisors, lateral incisors and canine)

Middle superior alveolar nerve innervation middle of the teeth ( 1st premolar, 2nd premolar, mesiobuccal root of the upper six)

Posterior superior alveolar nerve innervation Posterior teeth, maxillary sinus

Terminal branches of maxillary nerve palpebral branch, nasal branch, labial branch

sensory root of mandibular nerve originating from trigeminal ganglion

motor root of mandibular nerve originating from motor nucleus in the pons

Branches of mandibular nerve nervus spinosus, medial pterygoid nerve, deep temporal nerves, masseter nerve, lateral pterygoid nerve, buccal nerve, auriculotemporal nerve, lingual nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, mental nerve, mylohyoid nerve, incisive nerve

when medial pterygoid nerve goes to the otic ganglion gives out tensor palati nerve and tensor tympani nerve

taste fibers from glossopharyngeal nerve to posterior 1/3 of the tongue

taste fibers from facial nerve anterior 2/3 of the tongue

carotid sinus controlled by glossopharyngeal nerve control of blood pressure

carotid body controlled by glossopharyngeal nerve controls oxygen levels

glossopharyngeal exit skull passes through middle compartment of jugular foramen

Glossopharyngeal passes between ICA and ECA over posterior border of stylopharyngeus muscle

Glossopharyngeal finally passes on the medial surface of hyoglossus to reach posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Branches of glossopharyngeal tympanic branch, carotid branch, pharyngeal branch, nerve to stylopharyngeus muscle, tonsillar branch, terminal lingual branches

tympanic branch (glossopharyngeal) arises directly below jugular foramen and forms tympanic plexus and forms lesser petrosal nerve in the middle ear

carotid branch (glossopharyngeal) supplies carotid sinus (regulates heart rate) and carotid body (regulates respiration)

Pharyngeal branch (glossopharyngeal) lateral wall of the middle constrictor muscle of the pharynx

Nerve to stylopharyngeus muscle only motor branch of glossopharyngeal nerve

Tonsillar branch (glossopharyngeal) supplies palate, fauces and tonsils from mucous membrane

Terminal lingual branches (glossopharyngeal) supply posterior 1/3 of the tongue + vallate papillae

Origin of vagus nerve anterior surface of the medulla oblongata on the posterolateral groove

terminal branches of internal carotid artery anterior and middle cerebral arteries

glossopharyngeal nerve exit skull via jugular foramen

the right lung larger than left lung

the left lung smaller than right lung

heart location middle mediastinum

larger and heavier the right lung

smaller and lighter the left lung

function of lung get oxygen from the air to the blood, performed by the alveoli

left lung one fissure (oblique) and two lobes (superior and inferior lobe)

right lung two fissures (oblique, transverse) and three lobes (superior, middle, inferior)

pulmonary veins transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

pulmonary trunk (pulmonary artery) transports deoxygenated blood from the heart towards the lungs

the bronchial arteries supply nutritive blood to the lungs

lungs innervation supplied by sympathetic, parasympathetic and visceral afferent fibers from pulmonary plexus

sphenoid sinus, posterior ethmoidal air cells innervation by posterior ethmoidal nerve

anterior ethmoidal air cells innervation by anterior ethmoidal nerve

zygomatic nerve branches zygomaticotemporal nerve and zygomaticofacial nerve

anterior division of Mandibular nerve (motor) deep temporal nerve, masseter nerve, lateral pterygoid nerve

anterior division of Mandibular nerve (sensory) Buccal nerve

posterior division of Mandibular nerve (sensory) auriculotemporal nerve, inferior alveolar nerve (mixed), lingual nerve

posterior division of Mandibular nerve (motor) mylohyoid nerve, inferior alveolar nerve

parietal pleura covers the internal surface of the thoracic cavity

mediastinal pleura covers the lateral aspect of the mediastinum

cervical pleura lines the extension of the pleural cavity into the neck

costal pleura covers the inner aspect of the ribs, costal cartilages, and intercostal muscles

diaphragmatic pleura covers the superior thoracic surface of the diaphragm

visceral pleura covers the outer surface of the lungs

Costomediastinal recess lies behind the sternum between the front of the thoracic wall and the mediastinum along anterior border of the lung

costodiaphragmatic recess lies between the thoracic wall and the diaphragm along the lower border of the lung

extends from 8th-10th rib along the mid-axillary line Costodiaphragmatic recess!

area between the right and left lung The mediastinum

right border of heart formed by right atrium

left border of heart formed by left ventricle

inferior border of heart formed by left ventricle

superior border of heart formed by right and left atrium

thoracic sympathetic trunk 12 pairs of thoracic ganglia

palatomaxillary suture the meeting point between the paired maxillae and paired palatine bones

intermaxillary suture separates right and left palatine palatine process of maxilla

Interpalatine suture the meeting point in the midline between the paired horizontal plates of each palatine bone

nerv supply of hard palate Greater palatine nerve + nasopalatine nerve

Blood supply of hard palate Greater palatine artery

separates nasopharynx from oropharynx The soft palate

Tensor veli palatini Tenses and flattens the soft palate

Levator veli palatini elevates the soft palate, closing the nasal cavity during swallowing

Palatoglossus elevates the back of the tongue and lowers the soft palate

Palatopharyngeus helps to elevate the pharynx and larynx during speaking and swallowing

Musculus uvulae shortens and lifts the uvula to close of the nasopharynx for swallowing

choana nasal respiration

Anterior cranial fossa formed by frontal bone, ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone

crista galli a bony crest formed by the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone + attachment for the falx cerebri

foramen cecum between frontal crest and crista galli + connects nasal cavity with superior sagittal sinus

jugum sphenoidale superior surface of anterior part of the body of sphenoid

cribriform plate of ethmoid bone forms the roof of nasal cavity

anterior ethmoidal nerve branch of nasociliary nerve

anterior ethmoidal artery branch of ophthalmic artery

Dural venous sinuses located between the periosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater

superior sagittal sinus begins anteriorly at the foramen cecum and ends posteriorly at the confluence of sinuses

inferior Sagittal sinus + Great cerebral vein forms straight sinus

dilated space on internal occipital protuberance the confluence of sinuses

passing through cavernous sinus internal carotid artery + abducent nerve VI

passing through lateral wall of cavernous sinus oculmotor, trochlear, ophthalmic, maxillary nerves

the mandible two rami one body

boundaries of infratemporal fossa anterior: posterior surface of maxilla, medial: lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid, roof: apex of the orbit, lateral: ramus and coronoid process of mandible

pterygopalatine fossa small bony space, pyramidal in shape

branches of cervical plexus Lesser occipital nerve, greater auricular nerve, transverse cervical nerve, supraclavicular nerve

amount of alveoli in human lungs 480 million alveoli

function of fissures The fissures in the lung allow the lobes to expand independently, helping the lung expand uniformly for more efficient air intake during respiration

innervation of lungs parasympathetic by vagus nerves, sympathetic by 2-5 thoracic ganglia

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