Innovation

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• Define innovation realisation, translating ideas into products and processes, implementing and using it
• Sources of innovation individuals, firms, universities, private nonprofits, government funded research
• Creativity ability to produce novel and useful work
• Traits of successful investors basic knowledge rather than specialised, curious, question assumptions and authority, global solutions, intelligent, intrinsic motivation
• product innovation outputs of an organisation
• process innovation the way an organisation conduct business
• radical innovation new core concepts
• incremental innovation relatively minor change from existing practices
• innovation the practical implementation of an idea into a new device or process
• basic research increase understanding
• applied research research targeted at increasing knowledge for specific application
• science parks regional districts set up by government
• incubators institutions to nurture development of new business that lack access to funding
• Agglomeration economies benefits firms reap by locating in close geographical proximity to each other
• technology trajectory path a technology takes through its lifetime
• competence enhancing innovation making competence more valuable
• competence destroying innovation makes the competence outdated
• architectural innovation changing the overall design of the system / way components interact
• component innovation change to components but not significant overall
• radical innovation involves ... a high amount of risk
• A graph of technology performance over effort invested often exhibits... an s-shape curve
• technology performance improvement s-curve initial slow as technology poorly understood, deeper understanding improvements accelerate, diminish returns to effort
• discontinuous technology fulfills a similar market need by building on entirely new knowledge
• technology diffusion spread of technology through a population
• creative destruction new technology can overturn existing competitive structure of an industry
• technological change often ... follows a cyclical pattern
• The cycle technological discontinuity period of uncertainty, explore many find consensus dominant design, use to increase production efficiency and then round
• development cycle time time elapsed from a project initiation to product launch
• sequential development process opportunity, concept, product design, process design, commercial production
• Partly parallel development process some or all development stages at least partially overlap
• Concurrent engineering design method in which stages of product development and planning for later stages of product lifecycle occur simultaneously
• NPD most fundamental management process
• User stories short descriptions of desired features by customers
• product backlog list of functions to be developed
• minimun viable product work that can be demonstrated to client for feedback
• Why strategic roadmapping? identify main external trends, current products, understand technology, identify capabilities and resources needed
• Who usually conduct the strategic roadmap? management team
• Three goals for NPD to be successful maximising fit w customer requirements, minimise development cycle time, control development costs
• Advantage of short development cycle ability to quickly reverse and change
• disadvantage short development cycle time might increase costs, rushing products
• Kano model is good for communication
• Y-axis Kano Customer satisfaction
• X-axis Kano Degree of feature implementation
• Categories Kano Basic, performance, excitement
• Project champions senior members of company foster NPD
• Why involve customers in NPD? identify max performance capabilities, min service requirements
• crowdsourcing design problem of production presented to people who voluntarily try to solve
• Design for manufacturing method articulating series of design rules and expected impact on performance
• Failure modes and effect analysis method identify potential failures, classify them according to severity and plan to prevent the failures
• Stage-gate process development model incorporating go/kill decision points
• Three components of each gate deliverables, criteria, outputs
• Quality function deployment process for improving communication between different cohorts involved in the process
• House of quality maps... customer requirements against product attributes
• social loafing individual in team does not exert the expected amount of effort, relies on group

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