Kapitel 14

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• Sensory transduction When a sensory receptor converts stimulus energy into an electrical signal
• Sensory receptor molecules Molecules that are particularly sensitive to a sensory stimulus
• Exteroceptors sensory cells that respond to stimuli outside the body, sound and light
• Interoceptors respond to internal stimuli like pH and osmotic concentrations in the blood
• Labeled lines A nerve that on one end is connected to a sensory receptor or unit that received the sensory stimulus and on the other end it transfers the signal to the brain region where the neurons respond to these stimuli
• Mechanoreceptors Specialized receptors that should respond to mechanical stimuli, like touch, pressure and hearing as well as equilibrium and different kind of osmotic
• Transient receptor potential channels, TRP Central to transduction in many kinds of sensory receptor cells, touch, taste, smell, temperature and some visual systems
• Dorsal root ganglion, DRG ensory neurons that send their distal processes into the skin and their central axons into the dorsal or sensory part of the spinal cord
• Adaptation Then constantly and continuously stimulated the sensory receptor will get a decreased response in action potential
• Tonic When the adaptation happens slowly
• Phasic When the adaptation happens rapidly
• Proprioceptors Interoceptive mechanoreceptors which monitor movements, positions, mechanical stress and tension within the body
• Vestibular organs Organs that subserve sensory functions of acceleration and balance in vertebrates
• Semicircular channals organ that detects angular acceleration of the head and body
• Macula Sensory organ with crystals that detect orientations with respect to gravity as well as head movements
• Time difference When we hear a sound there will be a time different between when we receive it to the left and right ear (if it's not coming from straight ahead or behind)
• Intensity difference Like with the time difference there will be an intensity difference where the ear which is closest to the sound source will get a louder sound
• Vomeronasal organ Second olfactory organ I most mammals located below the main olfactory epithelium on each side of the nose
• Photoreceptors Sensory receptor cells that is sensitive to light
• Rhodopsin Light sensitive pigment in Retina
• Dark adaptation Takes a long time to adapt the eyes to be able to see in the darkness

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