Kapitel 16

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• Hormones is a chemical substance produced and released by non-neuron endocrine cells or by neurons
• Neuronhormone hormones which are released by neurons
• Endocrine glands Secretory cells that are organized into discrete organs like thyroid glands which release thyroid hormones
• Steroid hormones Secreted by gonads and the adrenal cortex in vertebrates and synthesized from cholesterol
• Peptide, protein hormones hormones structured by chains of amino acids. In vertebrate's examples are insulin and growth hormones
• Amine hormones Composed of modified amino acids. An example is Melatonin which is secreted by the pineal gland
• Epithelial glands (non-neuron) Secrete hormones when stimulated by other hormones
• Neurosecretory glands secrete neurohormones when stimulated by synaptic inputs from neurons
• Neurohemal organs The place there the axon terminal is to release neurohormones, for example posterior pituitary gland in vertebrates
• Posterior pituitary gland Preform neural control of neurosecretory cells, like Vasopressin and Oxytocin
• Anterior pituitary gland neurosecretory control of endocrine cells, like GH (growth hormone) - a direct action hormone, or tropic hormones like FSH and LH
• Hypothalamo-hypophysial portal system The vascular pathway between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland
• Synergism When one hormone can amplify the effect of another, ex Vasopressin and CRH
• Permissiveness The precent of one hormone is required for another to reach its full effect
• Antagonism One hormone opposes the effect of another

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