Kapitel 23 5e upplagan

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• The circulatory system pressure driven bulk flow of blood through a system of tubular vessels or other passages that brings the fluid to all parts of the body.
• Heart discrete localized pumping structure
• Multi-chambered the heart consists of more than one compartment which blood passes in sequences in vertebrates
• Myocardium muscle tissues of the heart, composed of cardiac muscle
• Pulmonary circuit the blood vessels that take blood to and from the lungs pumped from the right side of the heart
• Systole period of contraction of the heart
• Diastole period of relaxation of the heart
• Isometric contraction contraction with unchanging volume
• Cardiac output the volume of blood it pumps per unit of time (heart rate * stroke volume)
• Coronary arteries arteries that branch from the systemic aorta and carry freash oxygenated blood to capillaries through the myocardium
• Coronary veins vein which carry the blood out of the myocardium and into the right atrium
• Myogenic when the muscle contraction originates in muscle cells
• Neurogenic when the contraction originates in neurons
• Sinoatrial, SA node the pacemaker cell in birds and mammals placed in the right atrium
• Intrinsic controls when heart actions occur without hormones or extrinsic neurons, instead it's affected by cellular levels were stretching of the cardiac muscle tends to increase the force of its contraction
• Blood pressure the principal factor that drives blood to flow through the vascular system
• Systolic pressure The highest pressure at the time of the cardiac pressure
• Diastolic pressure the lowest pressure during cardiac relaxation
• Viscosity the thickness or internal resistance against flow
• Closed circulatory system there is always at least a thin vessel wall separating the blood from the other tissues
• Vascular endothelium important cells that affect the contraction and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle or help control clotting by secreting agents into the blood

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