lecture 5 (sem. 3)

pressure in the beginning of arteries are 100 mmHg

pressure in the arterial end of capillaries (arterioles) 35 mmHg

pressure at venous end of capillaries (venules) 15 mmHg

pressure in veins near the heart during inspiration? .. to .. mmHg 0 to -3 mmHg

pressure difference between arteriela ends? Provide calculation 100 - 35 = 65 mmHg

pressure difference between venous ends? Provide calculation 15 - 0 = 15 mmHg

(FILL GAPS) pressure difference between veins ends is ... compered to pressure difference in arteries, this means that blood flow is ... in veins compered to in arteries lower, slower

summary cross sectional area in Aorta? 4 cm2

summary cross sectional area in vena cava superior et inferior? 8 cm2

linear velocity in Aorta? 0.5 m/s

linear velocity in vena cava? 0.2 m/s

(FILL GAP) if summary cross-sectional area is bigger it means that linear velocity is ... smaller

(FILL GAP) veins provides ONE directional blood flow in this is because veins have passivly working ... valves

compliance is a vessels ability to ... due to increased ... expand, pressure

formula for compliance C = delta V / delta P

veins has greater compliance than arteries: TRUE/FALSE true

how many procent of blood in the large circuit is in VEINS? 65%

how many procent of blood in the large circuit is in ARTERIES? 13%

Write the 4 mechanisms that facilitates venous return: (samma ordning som lektionen) muscle pump, respiratory pump, heart pump, pulsation of arteries

valves in veins work passivley and open if pressure in the upper segment is ... than pressure in the lower segment lower

what structure in the body will create the pressure differences in respiratory pump? diaphragm

during insparation the diaphragm will move towards the ... ... thus pressure here will ... and pressure in segments above will ... --> this means valvs will ... abdominal cavity, increase, decrease, open

during epiration the diaphragm will move towards the ... ... thus pressure here will ... and pressure in segments below will ... --> this means valvs between these segments will ... thoracal cavity, increase, decrease, close

what are the 2 additional mechanisms that can facilitate venous return? gravity, sympathetic nervous system

CVP is measured by inserting a catheter into which 3 veins? femoral vein, internal jugular vein, subclavian vein

what is normal CVP? (in mmHg) 0-6 mmHg

what is normal CVP? (in cmH2O) 0-8 cmH2O

in CVP to go from mmHg --> cmH2O you multiply with ... (use . ) 1.36

in CVP to go from cmH2O --> mmHg you divide with ... (use . ) 1.36

what is the unit for venous return: L/min

if CVP increases it means that venous return ... because pressure difference will ... decrease, decrease

if CVP decreases it means that venous return ... because pressure difference will ... increase, increase

if CVP = 0 mmHg then venous return (in the graph from lecture) will be ... (privide unit) 7 L/min

if CVP is constant and blood volume Decreases --> ... venous return decreased

If CVP is constant and blood volume Increases --> ... venous return increased

... CVP -> ... venous return (preload) -> ventricle will be filled ... -> the ventricle will stretch ... -> ... contraction of the ventricle -> ... stroke volume (SV) -> CO = SV*heart rate -> ... cardiac output (CO) decreased, increased, more, more, increased, increased, increased

waves of CVP curve: wave a happens because of ... ... of right atrium and it is a positive OR negative wave (FILL GAPS) atrial systole, positive

waves of CVP curve: wave c happens during ... ... of right ventricle and it is a positive OR negative wave (FILL GAPS) isovolumetric contraction, positive

waves of CVP curve: x collapse happens during ... ... of right ventricle and it is a positive OR negative wave (FILL GAPS) ejection phase, negative

waves of CVP curve: wave v happens during ... ... of right ventricle and it is a positive OR negative wave (FILL GAPS) isovolumetric relaxation, positive

waves of CVP curve: y collapse happens during ... ... ... of right ventricle and it is a positive OR negative wave (FILL GAPS) passive filling phase, negative

in Modified Lewis method a person is in a 45 degree angle and we measure the vertical distance from the sternal angle to the last vein that we can see pulsating on the neck then we add this value to the number .. cm 5

what is the mean arterial blood pressure: 100 mmHg

Mean venous blood pressure is .. mmHg and during inspartation it is .. mmHg 0, -3

Mean blood pressure in changes by ... mmHg per cm we move 0.77

what is the arterial pressure in the feet 180 mmHg

what is the arterial pressure in the head/brain 50 mmHg

what is the arterial pressure in the hand if we raise the hand ABOVE the hand 35 mmHg

what is the VENOUS pressure in the hand if we raise the hand ABOVE the hand -30 mmHg

what is the VENOUS pressure in the feet 90 mmHg

what is the VENOUS pressure in the head/brain -15 mmHg

what is linear velocity in capillaries? (use . ) 0.5 mm/s

where can we find continous capillaries (4st) brain, connective tissue, muscles, respiratory system

where can we find fenestrated capillaries (3st) choroid plexus, endocrine glands, intestinal mucus membrane

where can we find sinusoidal capillaries (3 st) bone marrow, liver, spleen

which type of capillaries have NO pores: continous capillaries

which type of capillaries have SMALL pores: fenestrated capillaries

how big is the pores in fenestrated capillaries: 10 nm

which types of capillaries have BIG gaps: sinusoidal capillaries

Renal glomerular capillaries have pores that is .. nm big (fill gap) 60

write all the parameters that is involved in the microcirculation (6st) arterioles, precapillary sphincters, capillaries, postcapillary sphincters, venules, arteriovenous anastomoses

due to subglycocalyx coliod osmotic pressure -> filtration ... bc proteins in the glycocalyx will be washed to the ... meaning the subglycocalyx colid osmotic pressure decrease -> less filtartion decrease, interstitium

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