MATH 1

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• Σ Sigma. The summation
• σ population standard deviation
• μ average mean of the population
• N the size of the population
• σ2 population variance
• s2 sample variance
• μ population mean
• x̄ sample mean
• what is Inferential statistics? uses methods that take results from a sample
• What is parameter? a numerical summary of a population
• what is statistics a numerical summary of a sample
• qualitative variables? characteristcs
• quantitative variables? Height or weight for example
• what are the two different kinds of quantitative variables? discrete and continuous
• what is a discrete variable? A discrete variable is countable
• what is a continuous variable? measurable
• n sample size
• what is ordinal Income levels, etc. An ordinal scale is one where the order matters but not the difference between values.
• what is interval Temperature, etc. An interval scale is one where there is order and the difference between two values is meaningful.
• What is ratio? For example pulse, weight, length, etc.
• what is nominal Blood type, zip code, gender. A nominal scale describes a variable with categories that do not have a natural order or ranking.
• what is a lurking variable? an explanatory variable that was not considered in a study
• A systematic sample? s obtained by selecting every kth individual from the population
• A stratified sample is obtained by separating the population into non overlapping groups called strata and then obtaining a simple random sample from each stratum
• A cluster sample is obtained by selecting all individuals within a randomly selected collection or group of individuals.
• A convenience sample is a sample in which the individuals are easily obtained and not based on randomness.
• Random sampling is the process of using chance to select individuals from a population to be included in the sample.
• Sampling bias Sampling bias means that the technique used to obtain the individuals to be in the sample tends to favor one part of the population over another.
• Nonresponse bias this exists when individuals selected to be in the sample who do not respond to the survey have different opinions from those who do
• Response bias Response bias exists when the answers on a survey do not reflect the true feelings of the respondent.
• Cumulative increasing, growing
• Ogive cumulative frequency graph
• consecutive following one after the other in order
• What is the mode? The one that appears the most is the mode.
• what is the 5 number summary? Min, Q1, Q2, Q3 and Max

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