physiology resp, GI, meta

anatomic dead space? volume of conducting airways

physiological dead space? anatomic dead space + regions of respiratory zone without gas exchange

type 2 alveolar cells produce? surfactant

surfactant reduces...? surface tension

Ach-->M3-receptor leads to...(airways)? constriction

Epi-->Beta2-receptor leads to...(airways)? dilation

shifts of O2-hemoglobin curve to the right indicates...? lower affinity

shifts of the O2-hemoglobin curve to the left indicates...? higher affinity

blood flow is lowest at the...? apex of the lung

blood flow is highest at the...? base of the lung

regional variations in ventilation of lung are not as great as for...? blood flow

expiratory center? ventral respiratory group

inspiratory center? dorsal respiratory group

normal FEV1/FVC...? >70%

Normal FVC...? >80%

pathological FEV1/FVC means...? obstructive disorder

pathological FVC...? restrictive disorder

apneustic center...? promotes inspiratory center

pneumotaxic center...? inhibits inspiratory center

meissners plexus = ... submucosal plexus

aurbachs plexus = ... myenteric plexus

the submucosal plexus is located between...? submucosa and tunica muscularis

the myenteric plexus is located between... circular muscle and longitudinal muscle

parasympathetic NS innervates GI tract via preganglionic fibers into...? myenteric plexus

sympathetic NS innervates GI tract via postganglionic fibers into...? myenteric plexus, muscularis and mucosa

parasympathetic effects on the GI tract are...? increases motility, opens sphincters, stimulates secretion

sympathetic effects on the GI tract are...? decreases motility, closes sphincters, decreases secretion

are secreted by platelets and promote adhesion and aggregation...? ADP and TXA2

primary hemostasis...? vasoconstriction and platelet plug formation

anorexigenic neurons...? ventromedial and paraventricular nucleus

orexigenic neurons lateral hypothalamic area

anorexigenic substances produced in acruate nucleus? POMC, alpha-MSH and CART

orexigenic substances produced in acruate nucleus? NPY and AgRP

preoptic area promotes water retention and uptake by stimulating...? paraventricular nucleus and cerebral cortex

what stimulates preoptic area (thirst regulation)? subfornical organ and nucleus tractus solitarius

what stimulates subfornical area? increased osmolarity and angiotensin

what inhibits subfornical area? ANP

what stimulates nucleus tractus solitarius? visceral osmoreceptors

what inhibits nucleus tractus solitarius? arterial baroreceptors, cardiopulmonary receptors and oropharyngeal receptors

preoptic area promotes ... and inhibits ...(thermoregulation)? sweating and dorsomedial hypothalamus

dorsomedial hypothalamus promotes...? heat production

what stimulates preoptic area (thermoregulation)? central thermoreceptors, visceral thermoreceptors and warmth skin thermoreceptors

what inhibits preoptic area (thermoregulation)? cold skin thermoreceptors

secondary hemostasis? blood coagulation

secondary hemostasis can be divided into...? intrinsic and extrinsic

instrinsic secondary hemostasis begins with...? factor XII being activated by negative surface

extrinsic secondary hemostasis begins with...? tissue factor activating factor VII

local humoral bronchoconstrictors? histamine, leucotrienes and bradykinin

local humoral bronchodilators? PGI2 and PGE2, NO and increased CO2

Click

Type

Listen

Games

Drucken