A President's Address

inaugural first, opening

humbled made to feel less important

bestow (formal) give

sacrifice giving up something to benefit others

bear, (bore, born) endure, tolerate

ancestor family member who lived a long time ago

transition process of change

rising tides of increases in

amidst (literary) in the middle of

raging forceful, violent

high office leading position, top job

ideals ideas about what is right

forebears (formal) ancestors

founding documents (here) historical papers relating to the creation of the US

in the midst of (formal) in the middle of

far-reaching having a great effect

hatred strong dislike

greed wanting more than you need

age (here) period of history, era

shed (shed, shed) get rid of

shutter (AmE) close a business

adversary enemy, opponent

subject to dependent on, informed by

sap weaken

nagging persistent and worrying

decline fall, weakening

inevitable impossible to avoid

sights (here) ambitions, expectations

span of time period of time

unity (here) agreement

discord (formal) disagreement

proclaim say something pubicly

petty unimportant

grievance compalint

recriminations criticizing someone who has criticized you

dogma belief, principle

strangle (here) stop something developing

Scripture the Bible

reaffirm state something again

enduring lasting

precious valuable

pursue try to achieve

settle for accept

faint-hearted not brave

leisure free time

doer an active person who achieves things

rugged (literary) difficult

worldly possessions everything you own

toil (literary) work hard

sweatshop factory with bad working conditions

time and again often, repeatedly

raw very sore, painful

faction minority group

prosperous rich and successful

inventive creative

goods objectsto be sold

undiminished not reduced

stand pat AmE remain unchanged

remake make again, in a different way

foundation (here) basis, structure

electric grid network for distributing electricity

restore bring back, re-establish

wield use

harness control and make use of

soil part of the earth where plants grow

common (here) general, shared

Founding Fathers the people who made the US a acountry

peril (literary) danger, risk

draft write

charter official document describing laws and rights

expedience (formal) doing what is easy rather than morally right

sake purpose, benefit

peoples nations

grand large, impressive

face down confront, stand up to

sturdy strong

alliance union, pact between countries

conviction belief

entitle someone to give someone the right to

emanate from (formal) come from

justness fairness

cause (here) aim, principle

temper (formal) make milder, less extreme

humility behaving in a humble way

legacy something that exists as a result of a past event/action

forge develop, create

foe (literary) enemy

roll back AmE reduce

specter AmE sp. an unpleasant possibility

waver hesitate, weaken

advance (here) try to reach

patchwork something made up of many different parts

heritage inheritance, tradition

swill liquid, waste

humanity sympathy towards other people

mutual shared

globe (literary) the world

sow, (sown, sown) (here) create, introduce

judge form an opinion about

destroy ruin, tear down

deceit dishonesty, tricking people

silence (here) make quiet

dissent strong disagreement with general opinion

extend (formal) offer

willing agreeable, enthusiastic

unclench (here) open

pledge promise

flourish develop and be successful

flow run freely

nourish feed

plenty (formal) large quantities of food

indifference lack of interest/sympathy

suffering pain

consume use up

without regard to without considering

gratitude feeling thankful

Arlington a military cementery in the US

guardian person who guards something

embody be a symbol of

service (here) duty

inhabit (literary) live in

determination pursuing a goal without giving up

rely upon need

levee a wall built to stop a river flooding

selflessness the opposite of being selfish

nurture take care of

fair play honest behaviour, fairness

grudgingly not willing

satisfying pleasing

citizenship belonging to a country

destiny fate

creed (formal) a set of beliefs

magnificent very impressive/beautiful

mall promenade, public walk way

remembrance (formal) memory of an event

huddle sit tight

shores (here) edge

outcome final result

virtue good personal qualities

hardship pain, suffering

brave (here) endure, face up to

grace love and kindness (of God)

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