Australia a penal colony

Convicts Persons guilty of crime

Banished Sent away from your country and not allowed back

Approximately Close to, but not exactly, a number or time

Land Down Under Another name for Australia, given due to its location in the Southern Hemisphere

Criminal-justice Laws, procedures, institutions and policies that are at play in connection to crimes

Ruling In control

Inherently Naturally a part of

Defective Flawed

Required Necessary for the situation

Thus Therefore

Genetically Relating to one's genes

Law-abiding citizens People who obey the law

Accordingly In a correct way for the situation

Exiled Sent away from your country

Penal In relation to punishments given by law

Beneath Under

Hellish Very bad, unpleasant

Claimed the lives of Caused the death of

Voyage A long journey by ship

Hardened criminals People who will not stop their criminal activity

By any measure True regardless of how it is judged or evaluated

Minority A small number

Offenses Breach of law, illegal act

Confined Kept closed in a place by force

Volunteers People who do something willingly

Exceptional Much greater than usual

Sadism The act of getting pleasure from being cruel and hurting another person

Violations The act of breaking a law or rule

Punishment The retribution for an offence

Lashes Strikes delivered with a lot of force

Cat o’ nine tails A whip with nine knotted lines or cords connected to one handle

Attempted Tried to do without success

Conditions The physical situations someone is in

Horror Used to describe something very unpleasant

Drew straws The act of using straws or similar items of different length to decide by lottery who should do what

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