begrepp 1 genetics (col. 1)

mendels 1st law, the law of ... segregation

mendels 1st law description: .. alleles of a gene segregate from each other in ..., each gamete has ... probability of obtaining either allele of the ... 2 alleles of a gene segregate from each other in meiosis, each gamete has equal probability of obtaining either allele of the pair

mendels 2nd law, the law of ... ... independent assortment

mendels 2nd law description: the segregation of 1 ... ... is ... of the ... of ... allelic ... the segregation of 1 allelic pair is independent of the segregation of another allelic pair

mendels 3rd law, the law of ... dominance

mendels 3rd law description (HETEROZYGOT): for the same characteristic/gene .. ... will ... the ... ... and give the ... because it is ... for the same characteristic/gene 1 trait will coceal the other trait and give the phenotype because it is dominant

mendels 3rd law description (HOMOZYGOT): both .. are the ... and will therefore give the same ..., can be both ... and ... both traits are the same and will therefore give the same phenotype, can be both dominant and recessive

monhybrid crosses: involves a single ..., punnett squares size is .. squares involves a single trait, punnett squares size is 4 squares

twohybrid crosses: involves .. ... e.g both ... and ..., punnett square size is .. squares involves 2 traits e.g both colour and shape, punnett square size is 16 squares

polyhybrid crosses: involves more than .. ... e.g. ..., ... and ... involves more than 2 traits e.g. colour, shape and height

Allelic heterogeneity: when ... ... of an allele on the ... gene will cause ... or ... ..., some pathologies ... have allelic heterogenety and some can´t (NO COPY e.g. a specific delition of gene code and a specific substitution of the same gene code will both cause identical phenotype) when different variants of an allele on the same gene will cause identical or similar phenotype, some pathologies can have allelic heterogenety and some can´t

somatic mutations: mutations in the ... cells, happens ... becoming ..., can be cause by e.g. ..., is ... passed on mutations in the somatic cells, happens after becoming pregnant, can be cause by e.g. radiation, is not passed on

germline mutations: mutations in the ... cells, pathology ... .. inherited from either ... or ... of your parents meaning mutation ... passed on mutations in the germline cells, pathology will be inherited from either one or both of your parents meaning mutation is passed on

Population genetics: It describes ... ... that carries a specific ... ... within a ... ..., here we maight use ...-... equation that looks like this (write equation) It describes how many that carries a specific allelic variant within a specific population, here we maight use hardy-weinberg equation that looks like this p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1

when do we use Hardy-Weinberg equation (p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1): when we get a ... ... e.g. ... is 1/3600 when we get a incident number e.g. incidence is 1/3600

what is Hardy Weinberg equilibrium: when the ... of ... and ... are constant in a ... as long as no ... factors occur (e.g. people ... or peopole joining) when the frequency of alleles and genotypes are constant in a population as long as no disturbing factors occur (e.g. people moving or peopole joining)

when do we NOT use Hardy-Weinberg equation (p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1): when the question mentions ..., then we already know the probability that a random person is a carrier when the question mentions frequency, then we already know the probability that a random person is a carrier

what does p stand for in p + q = 1 dominant allele frequency

what does q stand for in p + q = 1 recessive allele frequency

what does p2 stand for in p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 frequency of homozygous dominant

what does 2pq stand for in p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 frequency of heterozygotes

what does q2 stand for in p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 frequency of homozygous recessive

what do we calculate with p + q = 1 allele frequency

what do we calculate with p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 genotype frequency

when calculating genotype frequency from p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 we start with: .. because we know 100% that ist phenotype is .. q2 because we know 100% that ist phenotype is aa

what is autosomal dominant: (skriv bokstav)if person is heterozygote Aa it will show the phenotype of A A if person is heterozygote Aa it will show the phenotype of A

what is A called autosomal dominant

what is autosomal recessive: (skriv bokstav) a if person is heterozygote Aa it will ... show the phenotype of a a if person is heterozygote Aa it will not show the phenotype of a

what is a called: autosomal recessive

what is X-linked dominat inheritance: ... gene is located on the .. chromosome dominant gene is located on the X chromosome

if X-linked dominant gene comes from mother: ..% that children is effecter no matter ... since mother either gives her ... mutated X or her ... X 50% that children is effecter no matter sex since mother either gives her dominant mutated X or her normal X

if X-linked dominant gene comes from father: ..% of his daughters will be effected since he only has one .. to give and it is dominant mutated, ..% of his sons since they will only get his .. 100% of his daughters will be effected since he only has one X to give and it is dominant mutated, 0% of his sons since they will only get his Y

if a male and a female has X-linked dominant from MOTHER it will probably be more severe in: ... because they have .. .., but ... have .. .. and .. X will be ... males because they have 1 X, but females have 2 X and 1 X will be inactivated

what is X-linked recessive inheritance: ... gene is located on the .. chromosome recessive gene is located on the X chromosome

if X-linked recessive gene comes from mother: ..% that children is carriers no matter ... since mother either gives her ... mutated X or her ... X 50% that children is carriers no matter sex since mother either gives her recessive mutated X or her normal X

if X-linked recessive gene comes from father: ..% of his ... will be carrirs since he only has ... .. to give and it is ... mutated, ..% of his ... since they will only get his Y 100% of his daughters will be carrirs since he only has one X to give and it is recessive mutated, 0% of his sons since they will only get his Y

if a male and a female GETS a X-linked recessive x from MOTHER it will probably be more severe in: ... and they will ..% be effected since they have .. .., ... have ..% since they have .. ... and it is ... mutation males and they will 100% be effected since they have 1 X, females have 0% since they have 2 X and it is recessive mutation

what is holandric: trait determining gene is located in .. chromosome trait determining gene is located in Y chromosome

what sex is effected if it is holandric: ... and ..% will be carriers males and 100% will be carriers

what is Pseudoautosomal & Pseudoautosomal disorders: Pseudoautosomal is ... on both ... chromosomes that undergoes ... during meiosis, Pseudoautosomal disorders is ... in these ... Pseudoautosomal is regions on both sex chromosomes that undergoes recombination during meiosis, Pseudoautosomal disorders is mutations in these regions

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