Europe

The exercise was created 2023-11-28 by ella_934. Question count: 59.

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  • Netherland's threshold 0, 67
  • Slovakia threshold 5
  • Turkey threshold 10
  • France second threshold 12, 5
  • Panachange (More than one vote on the ballot they can distribute among multiple candidates) Switzerland and Luxembourg
  • Open list Finland, Poland
  • Closed list Spain, romania, portugal
  • flexible list Belgium
  • Guy Peters 5 I:s Institutions, Interests, ideas, individuals, international environments
  • Single member plurality UK
  • Majority system france
  • single transferable vote Ireland, Malta
  • mixed member majoritarian Germany
  • mixed member proportional Hungary, Italy
  • Spain district magnitude and range 7, 1-37
  • Portugal district magnitude and range 10, 2-47
  • Gallagher's index proportionality
  • electoral system change: Italy 3, 1993
  • electoral system change: Bulgaria 3, 1991
  • electoral system change: Hungary Fidesz-KDNP 1, 2012
  • Identified 4 cleavages Lipset and Rokkan 1967
  • New Right party: France RN
  • New Right party: Germany AFD
  • New Right party: Austria FPO
  • Dominant party Sweden 1945-1999
  • Two-Party Malta, Spain
  • Multiparty Belgium, Czechia, Denmark, Finland, Netherlands
  • Bipolar France, Italy
  • emphasis parties moving to the center chasing the madian voter Downs model
  • An Economic Theory of Democracy Anthony Downs
  • Valence issues, voters competence, credibility, leadership, rhetoric
  • Exceptions of the two headed executive Switzerland, Cyprus
  • President of the council of ministers Spain, Italy
  • semi-presidentialism France
  • Formation: Largest party first Greece, Bulgaria
  • Formation: Outgoing government UK, Ireland
  • Formation: Discretion with formateur Finland, Poland
  • Cabinet not always legislator France, Norway, Netherlands, Slovakia, UK, Ireland
  • Government form with minority parliamentary seats Minority formation
  • Government form with just enough seats Minimum winning formation
  • Government form not singularly based on seat numbers Policy driven formation
  • Governments form with more than enough seats (oversized) Surplus majority formation
  • Germany lower house Bundestag
  • Government formation depends on elite political agreeemnts, motiviations matter Elite motivation
  • executive office as pinnacle of career, personal and party Office-seeking
  • executive office maximises policy influence, personal and party Policy-oriented
  • Late voting rights for women Switzerland 1971
  • National Unity of opposition parties Belgium, France, UK
  • Italy election turnout 63, 9
  • Netherlands initiative 300 000 voters binding
  • Rejective initiative Switzerland 90 days, 50 000 citizens
  • plebiscitarian, for example authoritarian leaders make a proposal and calls a popular vote to endorse this Promoting
  • an actor opposed to some proposal may invoke the people as a potential veto player - more common. Controlling
  • aim to strike down an existing law or constitutional provision Abrogative
  • aim to prevent some proposal from passing into law or the consitution (Switzerland widely use this). Rejective
  • minority of parliamentarians call rejective referendum Denmark, Spain
  • regional councils call a rejective referendum Italy
  • Fiscal: Half the budget spent on education Lithuania
  • Slovakia initiative threshold 100 000

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