genetics col 2, mitochondrial genome

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• mtDNA has circular or linear structure circular
• the mitochondrial DNA has low or high number of copy high
• mtDNA has higher mutation rate than nuclear DNA. TRUE OR FALSE true
• mitochondrial disorders = genetic diseases that result from abnormalities in ... mitochondria
• mitochondrial disorders are always inherited from mother
• people with mitochondrial disorders will have problems with ... production energy
• organs that mostly will be affected by mitochondrial disorder (3 st) brain, liver, skeletal muscles
• what is this called: cells having some healthy and some sick mitochondria heteroplasmy
• what is this called: a percentage has to be reached to give pathology. e.g., 60-90% of mitochondria has to be damaged to give pathology threshold effect
• what is this called: causes some more or less pathological mitochondria to be passed through to the children, Most children have the same severity but 1 is much more affected. bottleneck effect
• mitochondrial dysfunction can result from mutations in either mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA. TRUE OR FALSE true
• Many nuclear genes encode proteins that are targeted to the mitochondria. mutations in these nuclear genes can disrupt mitochondrial function. TRUE OR FALSE true

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