Kapitel 13

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• Synaptic transmission when a presynaptic action potential has an effect on a postsynaptic cell
• Synaptic plasticity The ability to change the functional properties of synapses
• Electrical synapses Signals that are sent as electrical currents from one cell to another where they continue to change the membrane potential
• Connexons the channels between the membranes that sit close together in vertebrates
• Chemical synapses When the signals are converted into a chemical signal that is taken up in the synaptic cleft between the cells
• Ionotropic receptors When such receptors bind their neurotransmitter, they open to allow ion flow. In this case, a single molecule constitutes both the receptor and the ion channel, they directly alter permeability to ions
• Metabotropic receptors Other receptors trigger a signaling cascade of second messengers in the postsynaptic cell, often have relatively slow, long-lasting modulatory effects on synaptic processes
• Exitation s an increase in probability that a cell will generate an impulse or increase the frequency of the impulse that’s already there
• Inhibition is a decrease in probability that the cell will generate an implulse or decrease in the frequency of the impulse
• Quanta the way neuron transmitters are released as multimolecular packets simultaneously
• Cotransmittor When a neuron releases more than one type of neurotransmitter at the same time

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