Limnology D - terms

The exercise was created 2024-10-31 by Amanda2020. Question count: 107.

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  • Isoetids Anchored plants with basal buds and stiff, narrow leaves
  • Nympheids Anchored plants with floating leaves
  • Elodeids Anchored submerged plants with small, undivided leaves
  • Helophytes Anchored plants with buds that overwinter, partly submerged
  • Lemnids Free floating plants
  • Aarenchyma Tissues with low density
  • Competitive species Large leaf size, stable, non-stressful habitats
  • Ruderal species Small leaf size, dominant in disturbed habitats
  • Stress tolerant species Small leaf size, tough, dominant in stressful habitats
  • Aquatic plants Smaller, softer, lighter
  • Terrestrial plants Larger, tougher, more robust
  • Primary productivity Biomass produced / time
  • Equisetum Emergent
  • Iris Emergent
  • Phragmites Emergent
  • Glycera Emergent
  • Typha Emergent
  • Schoenoplectus Emergent
  • Sagittaria Emergent
  • Lysimachia Emergent
  • Lythrum Emergent
  • Potentilla Emergent
  • Carex Emergent
  • Sparganium Emergent
  • Nymphea Floating-leaved
  • Nuphar Floating-leaved
  • Potamogeton natans Floating-leaved
  • Elodea Submerged
  • Myriophyllum Submerged
  • Potamogeton perfoliatus Submerged
  • Nobelia Submerged
  • Juncus Submerged/emergent
  • Stratiotes Submerged
  • Sphagnum Submerged
  • Lemna Free-floating
  • Spirodela Free-floating
  • Ceratophyllum Submerged/free-floating
  • Utricularia Submerged/free-floating
  • Functional feeding groups What they eat and how
  • Shredders nonwoody CPOM, associated microbes. Chewing and mining
  • Gougers woody CPOM, associated microbes. Chewing, mining
  • Filter feeders/suspension feeders Suspended FPOM, microbes. Filtering apparatuses
  • Deposit feeders/collectors FPOM, microbes. Collecting deposits
  • Grazers Benthic algae, associated microbes (biofilm). Scraping, rasping, browsing
  • Predators Animals. Biting, piercing
  • Rivers, longitudinal dimension River continuum concept
  • Rivers, lateral dimension Floodplain, riparian zone, active channel
  • Rivers, vertical dimension Hyporheic zone "river liver"
  • Rivers, temporal dimension Changes between times of observation depending on ex. weather
  • Anadromous fish Spend most of life at sea, migrate to freshwater to breed
  • Catadromous fish Spend most of life in freshwater, migrate to sea to breed
  • Top predators fish Perch, Pike, Pike-perch
  • Intermediate predators fish Cyprinids
  • Forked caudal fin Great acceleration, less maneuvring, less drag
  • Emarginate caudal fin Acceleration and maneuvring
  • Truncated caudal fin Acceleration and maneuvring, more drag
  • Terminal mouth fish Neither directed up- or downwards
  • Superior mouth fish Underbite
  • Inferior mouth fish Overbite
  • Protrusible mouth fish Can extend parts of mouth
  • Isometric growth All parts growing at same pace, b<3
  • Allometric growth Different parts growing at different paces, b>=3
  • Fish age Scales, operculum
  • Absolute growth rate Weight gain/day
  • Specific growth rate % increase in size per day
  • Metabolic rate fish Increases with body size and temperature
  • What is eaten Food quality
  • How often is it eaten Frequency
  • How much is eaten Food quantity
  • Stay suspended plankton Low density, big surface area, motility
  • Compensation depth Respiration = photosynthesis
  • Euphotic zone Photosynthesis > respiration
  • Aphotic zone No photosynthesis, dark
  • Diatom peak Spring and autumn mixing
  • Cyanobacteria peak Summer
  • Golden algae peak After spring mixing
  • Dinoflagellate peak Spring ice, mid summer
  • Redfield ratio 106C: 16N: 1P
  • Holomictic lake Complete mixing
  • Epilimnion Surface water
  • Allochthonous organic matter Organic matter in lake that originates from outside the lake
  • Autochthonous organic matter Organic material produced in the lake
  • Redfield ratio use Stoichiometry of phytoplankton photosynthesis
  • Thermocline Temperature gradient
  • N fixation Nitrogen gas to ammonium
  • Ammonification Organic N to ammonium
  • Nitrification Ammonium to nitrate (oxic)
  • Denitrification Nitrate to nitrogen gas
  • Assimilation Nitrate or ammonium to organic N
  • Hypolimnion Deep, cold and heavy water
  • Metalimnion Between epilimnion and hypolimnion
  • Meromictic lake Incomplete mixing
  • Amictic lake Never mixes
  • Monomictic lake Mixes 1 time per year
  • Dimictic lake Mixing 2 times per year
  • Polymictic lake Mixing many times per year
  • Oligomictic lake Irregular mixing
  • Photic zone 2 times secchi depth
  • PAR Photosynthetically active radiation
  • Photosynthesis Light energy + CO2 + H2O → organic carbon + O2 (gas)
  • Respiration Organic carbon + O2 → CO2 + H2O + energy
  • Littoral zone Close to shore, shallow
  • Profundal zone Bottom of lake
  • Pelagic zone Open water in lake
  • Oligohumic lake Low concentration of DOM
  • Mesohumic lake Intermediate concentration of DOM
  • Polyhumic lake High concentration of DOM

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