microbiology antibiotics

The exercise was created 2024-10-14 by latinarkul. Question count: 47.

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  • Cell wall inhibitors... beta lactams, glycopeptides, bacitracin, fosfomycin
  • beta lactams... penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams
  • beta lactamase inhibitors... tazobactam, sulbactam, clavulanate
  • glycopeptides... vancomycin
  • beta lactams bind to ... inhibiting ... transpeptidase, peptidoglycan synthesis
  • 1st generation, short acting, parenteral penicillins... benzylpenicillin
  • 1st generation, long acting, parenteral penicillins... benzathine penicillin G
  • 1st generation, enteral penicillins... phenoxymethylpenicillin
  • 2nd generation, beta lactamase resistant penicillins... methicillin, oxacillin, nafcillin
  • 3rd generation, beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins... ampicillin, amoxicillin
  • 3rd generation, beta lactamase resistant penicillins... ampicillin+sulbactam, amoxicillin+clavulanate
  • 4th generation, beta lactamase sensitve penicillins... ticarcillin, carbenicillin
  • 4th generation, beta lactamase resistant penicillins... ticarcillin+clavulanate
  • 5th generation, beta lactamase sensitive penicillins... mezlocillin, azlocillin, piperacillin
  • 5th generation, beta lactamase resistant penicillins... piperacillin+tazobactam
  • 6th generation, beta lactamse resistant penicillins... mecillinam, pivmecillinam
  • 1st generation cephalosporins... cephalothin, cefazolin
  • 2nd generation cephalosporins... cefamandole, cefuroxime
  • 3rd generation cephalosporins... cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime
  • 4th generation cephalosporins... cefpirome, cefepime
  • 5th generation cephalosporins... ceftaroline
  • carbapenems... meropenem, ertapenem, imipenem+cilastatin
  • monobactams... aztreonam
  • vancomycin does not work against... Gr-
  • fosfomycin inhibits ... first steps of peptidoglycan
  • protein synthesis inhibitors... 50s, 30s
  • 50s inhibitors... macrolides, chloramphenicol, linezolid, clindamycin
  • 30s inhibitiors... aminoglycosides, tetracyclines
  • macrolides... erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
  • macrolides binds ... to ribosomes having bacteriostatic effects in low doses reversibly
  • chloramphenicol... chloramphenicol, levomycetin
  • clindamycin inhibits ... bacterial exotoxin synthesis
  • side effect of chloramphenicol: aplastic anemia
  • linezolid is used to... treat multiresistant bacteria
  • aminoglycosides... amycacin, tobramycin, neomycin, gentamycin, streptomycin
  • aminoglycosides induce... nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
  • tetracyclines... tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline
  • aminoglycosides binds ... to 30s subunit irreversibly
  • antibiotics according to mechanism of action... cell wall, protein synthesis, nucleic acid, plasma membrane inhibitors, antimetabolites
  • nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors... quinolones, rifamycin
  • quinolones/fluoroquinolones... ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, moxifloxacin
  • quinolones are ... DNA gyrase inhibitors
  • rifamycin... rifampicin
  • rifamycin inhibits... RNA polymerase
  • rifamycin induce... hepatotoxicity
  • antimetabolites... trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole
  • antimetabolites inhibit... folic acid synthesis

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