PSYCHOLOGY 13 EXAM

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• Pluralistic ignorance a situation where the minority position is not speaking up because they think the majority position has a different opinion.
• confirmation bias we only recognize information that is confirmed by a belief
• Heuristics Heuristics are mental shortcuts that allow people to solve problems and make judgments quickly and efficiently
• Availability heuristic The availability heuristic describes our tendency to use information that comes to mind quickly and easily when making decisions about the future.
• Representative heuristic Judgements based upon how similar an example is to something else (or how typical or representative).
• Self-fulfilling prophecy Belief brings about the consequences that cause that belief to become a reality
• System justification System justification theory attempts to explain why members of disadvantaged groups may become accepting of their disadvantaged position
• explicit attitude attitudes that are at a conscious level
• implicit attitudes attitudes that are unconscious
• Racial phenotypicality how typical one might be of a racial group. Like facial structure
• Counterfactual thinking when you question yourself questions like "what if?" and "what might have been?"
• Conformity act of entering one’s beliefs, attitudes, behaviors, and perceptions to more closely match those held by a group
• Cognitive dissonance Unpleasant tension state when belief and action are inconsistent
• what is the five personality traits openness, conscientiousness, extraverson, agreeableness, neuroticism
• define openness curious, adventurous, creative
• define conscientiousness goal-directed, organized, likes planning
• define extraversion outgoing and likes center of attention
• define agreeableness caring and kind people
• define neuroticism emotional instability
• affecting forecasting when we predict how we will feel if something happens
• impact bias when we overestimate the intensity of future feelings
• durability bias when we estimate how long events (positive/negative) will affect ut
• whats the three levels of analysis structural/societal, interpersonal/situational, individual
• cognitive miser anyone who seeks out quick solutions to problems rather than slow, careful ones.
• ought self The person we feel we SHOULD be. Norms / morals.
• the self-discrepancy theory people who compare their actual self to the ideal/ought self
• Fundamental attribution error The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition.
• group polarization när gruppen blir mer extrem

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