Second language aquisition

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• accessibility hierarchy an implicational ordering of relative pronoun functions subject, object, direct object in terms of their degree of markedness
• accomodation theory according to this theory social factors influence the extent to which speakers seek to make their speech similar or dissimilar to the speech of their interlocutors
• acculturation model various social and psyhological factors govern the extent to which learners are able to adapt to the target language, culture and hereby aquire L2
• Accuracy order the ranking of grammatical morphemes according to the accuracy with which each morpheme is produced in learner language
• aquisition order the ranking of grammatical morphemes according to when each morpheme is aquired by learners
• auto-input this refers to the possibility that learner´s own out put can serve as input to their language aquisition mechanism
• avoidance when specific target language features are under-represented in learner produktion in comparison to nature-speaker production
• backsliding occur when learners employ a rule that belongs to an earlier stage of development than the learner´s current stage
• behaviorist learning theory a general theory that views all learning as the formation of habits through enviromental stimulation
• careful style the terms used by Labov to referto the language used when speakers monitors their style
• case study a detailed and usually longitudinell study of a single learner
• communication strategy used by both native speakers and L2 learners to overcome communication problems resultant from lack of linguistic resources or inability to access them
• Comprehensive input that part of the total input that the learner understand and which is hypothesized to be necessary for aquisition to take place
• conssciousness-raising a type of form focused instruction designed to make learners awareof specific linguistic feature
• convergence the process by which speakers make their speech similar to their interluctors speech
• critical period hypothesis this states that target-language competence in any L2 can only be achieve if learning before a curtain age ( the onset of puberty )
• divergence speakers make their speech different from their interluctors speech
• errors deviation in usage from gap in knowledge about the target language
• explicit knowledge the L2 knowledge of which a learner is aware and can verbalize on request
• foreigner talk the variety of language used by native speakers to address non-native speakers

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